What is obesity?
A state of increased body weight, caused by adipose tissue accumulation, that can produce adverse effects
What BMI is obese?
Over 30 kg/m²
What is clinically / morbidly obese?
Over 40 kg/m²
Genetic factors that affect obesity (3)
- sex : women more than men
- genetic syndromes
- leptin gene / leptin receptor gene
Genetic syndromes that cause obesity
- prader willi
- laurence moon biedl syndrome
- klinefelter syndrome (hypogonadism)
What is the most important regulator of body fatness?
Leptin
What secretes leptin?
fat cells (so more fat : more leptin)
Effects of leptin in hypothalamus
- Stimulates POMC/CART neurons
- Inhibits NPY/AgRP neurons
What produces adiponectin?
adipose tissue
Effects of adiponectin? (4)
- decreases influx of FFA to the liver
- decreases TG content of liver
- decreases glucose production
- increases insulin sensitivity
Which hormone increases food intake?
ghrelin
Which hormone decreases apetite and food intake?
peptide Y
What is central obesity a risk factor of? (4)
- type 2 diabetes
- cardiovascular disease
- cancer
- metabolic syndrome
Symptoms of metabolic syndrome (4)
- abnormalities of glucose
- lipid metabolism
- hypertension
- continuous proinflammatory state
Clinical consequences of obesity? (5)
- non alcoholic liver disease
- cholelithiasis (gallstones)
- hypoventilation syndrome
- degenerative joint disease
- high levels of proinflammatory cytokines and CRP
Hypoventilation syndrome requirements (3)
- PaCO2 > 45mm
- Obesity
- Hypoventilation not due to anything else
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