A/60

Question 1

% of lung cancers caused by tobacco?

Answer 1

90%

Question 2

Chemicals found in tobacco smoke (8)

Answer 2

• tar
• nicotine
• phenol
• benzopyrene
• carbon monoxide
• formaldehyde
• nitrogen oxides
• nitrosamine

Question 3

Which chemicals in tobacco smoke have a carcinogenic effect? (3)

Answer 3

• tar
• benzopyrene
• nitrosamine

Question 4

Effect of nicotine (4)

Answer 4

• addictive effect
• binds to receptors in brain tissue and releases catecholamines
• ganglionic stimulation and depression
• causes the acute effects

Question 5

Which chemicals in tobacco smoke promote tumor formation? (2)

Answer 5

• nicotine

- phenol

Question 6

Which chemicals in tobacco smoke cause mucosal irritation and toxicity to cilia? (3)

Answer 6

• nitrogen oxides
• phenol
• formaldehyde

Question 7

Effects of maternal smoking (3)

Answer 7

• increased risk of spontaneous abortion
• increased risk of preterm birth
• intrauterine growth retardation

Question 8

Main effects of cigarette smoking on the lungs (3)

Answer 8

• emphysema
• chronic bronchitis
• lung cancer

Question 9

How does smoking cause emphysema?

Answer 9

Irritation causes recruitment of leukocytes to the lung, increased elastase production, and injury to the lung tissue

Question 10

Cardiovascular effects of smoking (2)

Answer 10

• AS

- myocardial infarction

Question 11

Which cancer risks are also increased for smokers? (4)

Answer 11

• oral cavity
• esophagus
• pancreas
• bladder