ch2

Question 1

atom

Answer 1

an element, like a bohr model

Question 2

isotope

Answer 2

when the number of protons differ from the number of neutrons

Question 3

ion

Answer 3

an atom that has gained or lost electrons - when the number of electrons differ from the number of protons

Question 4

molecules

Answer 4

two or more atoms linked by a chemical bond

Question 5

ionic bond

Answer 5

weak attraction between anion and a cation, is easily dissolved in water

Question 6

covalent bond

Answer 6

sharing electrons between atoms

Question 7

nonpolar covalent

Answer 7

two atoms share electrons equally. the strongest bond

Question 8

polar covalent

Answer 8

two atoms share electrons but not equally

Question 9

hydrogen bond

Answer 9

molecules attract because of partial charges. weak bond

Question 10

mixture

Answer 10

substances that are physically mixed but not chemically

Question 11

structure of water

Answer 11

atoms are joined by polar covalent bonds (H&O bonded by PC bonds), the molecule is v-shaped, the molecule as a whole is polar

Question 12

solvency

Answer 12

the ability to dissolve other chemicals. if a substance can be dissolved in water, it’s hydrophilic. if not, its hydrophobic

Question 13

minerals

Answer 13

inorganic, present in bone and teeth, cofactors, has electrolytes

Question 14

cation

Answer 14

electron is lost, so paw-sitive

Question 15

anion

Answer 15

electron is gained, so negative

Question 16

adhesion

Answer 16

attraction of water molecules to to other molecules

Question 17

cohesion

Answer 17

water bound to water molecules

Question 18

solution

Answer 18

solute+solvent

Question 19

colloid

Answer 19

larger particles, but stay mixed in the solvent

Question 20

suspension

Answer 20

larger particles settle out with time

Question 21

emulsion

Answer 21

two liquids that don’t mix

Question 22

acid

Answer 22

proton donor

Question 23

base

Answer 23

proton acceptor

Question 24

measure of pH

Answer 24

logarithmic, the more hydrogen ion the more acidic

Question 25

buffers

Answer 25

chemical solutions that resists changes in pH. consists of a weak acid and a weak base

Question 25

potential energy

Answer 25

saved energy

Question 26

kinetic energy

Answer 26

energy of motion

Question 27

catabolic

Answer 27

AB --> A + B

Question 28

Anabolic

Answer 28

A + B = AB

Question 29

Exchange reactions

Answer 29

AB + CD --> AC + BD

Question 30

OIL RIG

Answer 30

Oxidation loses e's, reduction gains e's

Question 31

cellular respiration

Answer 31

oxidation of glucose and reduction of ADP and Pi to ATP

Question 32

Prostaglandin

Answer 32

functions in cell signaling

Question 33

trans fatty acid

Answer 33

up down up down structure

Question 34

cis fatty acid

Answer 34

step pyramid structure

Question 35

unsaturated fats

Answer 35

double bonds

Question 36

saturated fats

Answer 36

no double bonds beyond COOH

Question 37

phosphorylation

Answer 37

addition of an inorganic phosphate to an organic molecule

Question 38

cholesterol philic or phobic?

Answer 38

phobic

Question 39

glucose philic or phobic?

Answer 39

philic

Question 40

polar compounds philic or phobic?

Answer 40

philic

Question 41

carbs philic or phobic?

Answer 41

philic

Question 42

lactose intolerant person blood sugar levels test results?

Answer 42

Blood sugar levels are unaffected by drinking a lactose solution.

Question 43

hydroxyl functional group found in

Answer 43

sugars and alcohols

Question 44

methyl group found in

Answer 44

fats, oils, steroids, and amino acids

Question 45

carboxyl group found in

Answer 45

sugars, amino acids, proteins