chapter 1

Question 1

body structural hierarchy

Answer 1

organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cell, organelle, macromolecule, molecule, atom

Question 2

characteristics of life

Answer 2

organization, cellular composition, metabolism, responsiveness and movement, homeostasis, growth and development, reproduction, evolution

Question 3

negative feedback

Answer 3

a process where the body senses a change and negates or reverses it

Question 4

homeostasis

Answer 4

the body’s ability to detect change, activate mechanisms that oppose it, and maintain relatively stable internal conditions

Question 5

negative feedback example

Answer 5

a furnace sensing the room being too cold, turning on, then sensing it too hot, then turning off. the room becomes too cold, and the cycle starts again

Question 6

vasodilation

Answer 6

widening of blood vessels to bring warm blood closer to the surface and lose warmth

Question 7

vasoconstriction

Answer 7

narrowing of blood vessels, which keeps warm blood deeper in your body

Question 8

positive feedback

Answer 8

when a physiological change leads to an even greater change in the same direction

Question 9

positive feedback example

Answer 9

woman giving birth: brain stimulates pituitary gland to secrete oxytocin - oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions to push fetus towards cervix - head of fetus pushes against cervix - nerve impulses from cervix transmitted to brain

Question 10

gradients

Answer 10

a difference in chemical concentration, electrical charge, physical pressure, temperature, or other variable between one point and another. high-low is flowing down, low-high is flowing up

Question 11

prefix

Answer 11

start of a word

Question 12

suffix

Answer 12

end of a word

Question 13

feeling

Answer 13

palpation

Question 14

listening

Answer 14

auscultation

Question 15

Negative feedback system components (NFSC)

Answer 15

stimulus, receptor, control center, effectors

Question 16

stimulus

Answer 16

the thing that causes a detectable change

Question 17

receptor

Answer 17

the thing that senses the change

Question 18

control center

Answer 18

the thing that processes the info, and compares it to other info, and makes a decision about what to do about it

Question 19

effector

Answer 19

the thing that actually does something about it (the cell or organ that carries out the final action)

Question 20

frontal plane

Answer 20

splits the body in half (ventral/dorsal)

Question 21

sagittal plane

Answer 21

splits the body in half (left/right)

Question 22

transverse plane

Answer 22

splits body in half (superior/inferior)

Question 23

cephalic

Answer 23

toward head/superior end

Question 24

rostral

Answer 24

toward forehead/nose

Question 25

caudal

Answer 25

toward tail/inferior end