Urinary System

Question 1

What do kidneys secrete?

Answer 1

Renin (causes release of aldosterone from adrenal glands, which increases absorption of NA by kidneys

Erythropoietin (increases RBC production if blood oxygen levels are too low)


Question 2

What do kidneys help activate?

Answer 2

Vitamin D from skin to increase calcium absorption from digestive tract 

Question 3

What is the ____ (from) and _____ (to) of the afferent arteriole?

Answer 3

From: renal artery
To: glomerulus

Question 4

What is the _____ (from) and _____ (to) of the efferent arteriole?

Answer 4

From: glomerulus
To: peritubular capillary network

Question 5

Blood process through nephrons: RAGE PRV

Answer 5

Renal artery, afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillary network, renal venule, renal vein, vena cava

Question 6

End of nephron process high/low in?

Answer 6

High: CO2, glucose, amino acids
Low: wastes and O2

Question 7

Beginning of nephron process high in?

Answer 7

High: O2, glucose, amino acids, wastes

Question 8

Step 1 of urine formation

Answer 8

Glomerular filtration:
Blood goes in through afferent arteriole and glomerulus.
Afferent is wider so pressure builds in glomerulus.
Pressure pushes water and small molecules into Bowman’s Capsule.
Fluid is now filtrate and contains stuff.
Larger molecules stay in blood and leave through narrower efferent arteriole.

Question 9

Step 2 of UF

Answer 9

Tubular selective reabsorption:
Occurs mainly in proximal convoluted tubule

Glucose, amino acids, some salts, little H2O return to blood by carrier proteins.

Na is reabsorbed and Cl passively follows. The reabsorption of salts increases osmolarity of blood

Question 10

ADH

Answer 10

Antidiuretic hormone

Antidiuresis: decreases urine volume when ADH present 
Released from posterior pituitary gland, made by hypothalamus 

Question 11

Aldosterone

Answer 11

Hormone produced by adrenal cortex of adrenal glands
 regulates BP by adjusted blood volume
Increases in a reabsorption at distal convoluted tubule

Question 12

Renin

Answer 12

Juxtaglomerular apparatus secretes renin due to low blood pressure 

Question 13

ANH

Answer 13

Atrial natriuretic hormone
Inhibits renin secretion (which stops aldosterone)

Question 14

Renin?

Answer 14

Raises blood pressure

Question 15

Erythropoietin?

Answer 15

Produces red blood cells

Question 16

What is the proximity of the proximal tubule in relation to the Bowman’s capsule?

Answer 16

Its the closest tube

Question 17

Loop of henle comes after proximal tubule - composed of?

Answer 17

Ascending and descending limb

Question 18

Descending limb?

Answer 18

Lots of channels so water can get reabsorbed

Question 19

Ascending limb?

Answer 19

NaCl is pumped out

Question 20

Distal convoluted tubule?

Answer 20

More substances secreted - into the filtrate!
Contributes to pH regulation

Question 21

Collecting duct

Answer 21

Everything turns into urine here

Question 22

Renal cortex

Answer 22

Outer region

Question 23

Renal medulla

Answer 23

Inner area, lots of tubules and blood vessels

Question 24

Renal pelvis

Answer 24

Inner most portion where urine collects before leaving kidneys

Question 25

What will cause the kidneys to reabsorb sodium ions?

Answer 25

decrease in blood pressure

Question 26

Increased levels of aldosterone causes

Answer 26

Decreased urine production

Question 27

Bowman’s capsule function?

Answer 27

Pressure filtrate

Question 28

Afferent arteriole function

Answer 28

Brings blood under high pressure to glomerulus

Question 29

Blood entering the kidney is filtered by the

Answer 29

Glomerulus

Question 30

What is produced when theres a high solute concentration in the blood?

Answer 30

Antidiuretic hormone

Question 31

Selective reabsorption occurs at the ______

Answer 31

proximal convoluted tubule

Question 32

Hemoglobin pigments are excreted by the _____

Answer 32

Liver

Question 33

What would best describe the blood in the renal artery? Urea, oxygen, glucose

Answer 33

Urea: high Oxygen: high Glucose: high