ch4

Question 1

nucleic acids

Answer 1

DNA, RNA

Question 2

nitrogenous bases, purines and pyrimidines

Answer 2

purines: adenosine & guanine
pyrimidines: cytosine, uracil, thymine

Question 3

DNA function

Answer 3

DNA has the instructions, protein builds the organism

Question 4

chromosome

Answer 4

single piece of chromatin

Question 5

hierarchy of chromosomes

Answer 5

DNA winds around histones to make a chromatin, this folds into thick folds, this forms into chromatids, which forms a chromosome

Question 6

gene

Answer 6

segment on a chromosome, segment of DNA. codes for proteins

Question 7

genome

Answer 7

all the DNA in a set of 23 pairs of chromosomes

Question 8

transcription

Answer 8

occurs in nucleus, DNA-pre-mRNA-mRNA
enzyme is RNA polymerase

Question 9

translation

Answer 9

occurs at ribosomes, amino acids assemble proteins

Question 10

why does a cell replicate its DNA?

Answer 10

in preparation for division, gives a complete copy of all its genes to each daughter cell

Question 11

which cells divide in the body?

Answer 11

somatic cells (mitosis) and germ cells (meiosis)

Question 12

what tissues are dividing the most?

Answer 12

skin, digestive system, glands

Question 13

g1

Answer 13

growth and normal function, collects materials needed for replication

Question 14

cell cycle

Answer 14

G1, Synthesis, G2, Mitotic phase (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis)

Question 15

g2

Answer 15

synthesis of all other organelles and membranes, checks DNA

Question 16

mitosis

Answer 16

division of DNA and cell

Question 17

cyotkinesis

Answer 17

division of other cellular contents

Question 18

kinetochore

Answer 18

thing on the side of a chromosome

Question 19

centromere

Answer 19

thing that holds chromosome together

Question 20

sister chromatids

Answer 20

two halfs of the same chromosome

Question 21

heredity

Answer 21

transfer of genetic characteristics from parent to offspring

Question 22

karyotype

Answer 22

chart of chromosomes at metaphase

Question 23

autosomes

Answer 23

all but the sex chromosomes

Question 24

haploid

Answer 24

23 - one set

Question 25

diploid

Answer 25

46 - two sets

Question 26

homologous chromosomes

Answer 26

one pair - 1 maternal, 1 paternal. same genes, but different form of gene (Bb, BB, bb)

Question 27

can a Type A blood parent and a Type B parent have a Type O blood child?

Answer 27

yes

Question 28

blood types? I

Answer 28

I*A, I*B, I*i

Question 30

pleiotropy

Answer 30

one gene produces multiple phenotypic effects

Question 31

sex-linked traits

Answer 31

traits carried on the sex chromosomes (usually X)

Question 32

female with disorder?

Answer 32

XrXr

Question 33

female without disorder?

Answer 33

XRXR

Question 34

female carrier of disorder?

Answer 34

XRXr

Question 35

male without disorder

Answer 35

XRY

Question 36

male with disorder

Answer 36

XrY