What is the primary factor in forming attachments in infants?
Infants become attached to individuals who are sensitive and responsive in social interactions
Consistent caregivers during the first two years are crucial for attachment development.
Define open Neural Tube Defects (NTDs).
Open NTDs occur when there is a herniation of nervous system tissue through an opening in the skull or vertebrae
Myelomeningocele (spina bifida) is a well-known subtype.
What are closed Neural Tube Defects (NTDs)?
Closed NTDs are malformations of fat, bone, or membranes, which may cause few or no symptoms in some individuals
Tethered cord is a common example.
What is cerebral palsy (CP)?
Cerebral palsy is a group of chronic conditions affecting body movement and muscle coordination due to early brain damage
It is nonprogressive but may show variations in functional abilities over time.
What is a significant challenge for children with cerebral palsy?
Children with cerebral palsy often have limitations in motor control, impacting functional limb use and speech production.
What is a neural tube defect (NTD)?
An NTD is an opening in the spinal cord or brain that occurs when the neural tube does not close completely during early development.
What percentage of orofacial clefts are isolated?
About 70 percent of orofacial clefts are isolated, occurring without other birth defects.
What is Down syndrome?
Down syndrome, or Trisomy 21, occurs when an individual has a full or partial extra copy of chromosome 21.
What is the most common congenital infection today?
Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection.
Define congenital heart defects.
Congenital heart defects are the most common severe structural birth defects, affecting nearly 1% of births in the U.S.
What is failure to thrive (FTT)?
FTT is a diagnostic term describing insufficient weight gain or inappropriate weight loss.
What are technology-dependent children?
Children who cannot survive without medical technology such as mechanical ventilation or parenteral nutrition.
What is the back sleep position associated with?
The back sleep position carries the lowest risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
Define chronic disease in infants.
A chronic disease is any serious health condition that persists for three months or more.
What characterizes children with special health care needs?
They have or are at increased risk for a chronic physical, developmental, behavioral, or emotional condition requiring additional services.
What are iatrogenic health problems?
Medical or psychological problems resulting from medical treatment.
What is the most common type of congenital heart defect?
Ventricular septal defect (VSD).
What defines major birth defects?
Major birth defects are structural abnormalities requiring medical or therapeutic intervention.
What is the focus of palliative care?
Palliative care concentrates on reducing the severity of disease symptoms.
What is a key consideration for discharge planning for high-risk infants?
Individualized parental education and a clear written discharge plan.
True or False: Most NICUs serve large regions and may separate mothers from their infants.
True.
What is the role of occupational and physical therapists for newborns?
Preparing the family for the discharge of their child and supporting care routines.
Fill in the blank: The term _______ refers to when multiple birth defects occur together with a similar cause.
syndromes
What is a common emotional challenge for mothers of high-risk infants?
Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) related to their child’s medical challenges.
