What is normalization in the context of parenting?
Normalization is a parenting style that includes proceeding with an expectation of normalcy.
It focuses on the routine rather than one centered on child vulnerability, caregiving, and caregiver burden.
List the defining attributes of normalization as a parenting style.
- Acknowledging the condition and its potential to threaten family function and lifestyle
- Interacting with others based on a view of the child and family as normal
- Adopting a ‘normalcy lens’ for defining the child and family
- Engaging in parenting behaviors and family routines consistent with the ‘normalcy lens’
- Developing a treatment regimen consistent with the ‘normalcy lens’
What does the health traditions model emphasize?
The health traditions model emphasizes understanding the diverse health beliefs and social expectations of families.
Cultural beliefs impact parents’ interpretation of disability and their responses.
What is the relationship between family coping and children’s developmental milestones?
Higher levels of family stress are reported when children have delayed developmental milestones or diminished behavioral and emotional strengths.
What is the post-injury acute stress disorder rate in children?
The overall post-injury acute stress disorder rate is 40 percent.
This is a form of Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
What types of trauma are most common in children?
- Burns
- Traumatic brain injuries
- Limb amputations
Define multitrauma.
Multitrauma, also called polytrauma, describes the condition of individuals subjected to multiple traumatic injuries.
What is white coat syndrome?
White coat syndrome is a fear of doctors and others in healthcare settings based on prior negative experiences.
What are common anxiety disorders in children with developmental conditions?
- Autism
- Learning disability
- ADHD
How do cultural beliefs affect family responses to disability?
Cultural beliefs impact interpretation of disability, responses to healthcare providers, and the type of family support offered.
What is parenting stress?
Parenting stress is defined as the perceived discrepancy between the demands of parenting and the resources available to meet those demands.
What factors contribute to increased parental stress?
- Birth of a medically fragile infant
- Concern for well siblings
- Economic pressures
What are the characteristics of intellectual disability (ID)?
- IQ of 70 or below
- Significant limitations in adaptive behavior
- Onset before age 18
What is the distinction between learning disabilities (LD) and intellectual disabilities (ID)?
ID is a more serious impairment than LD, involving below-average cognitive ability and limitations in daily life activities.
What common mental health disorders affect children?
Mental health disorders are characterized by impairment in cognitive, emotional, or behavioral functioning.
What percentage of children aged 4 to 17 are diagnosed with ADHD?
About 11 percent.
What are common symptoms of ADHD?
- Difficulty orienting to tasks
- Difficulty controlling behavior
- Hyperactivity
What is the role of family culture in health-related beliefs?
Family culture influences how health-related beliefs are respected and integrated with modern health care for better outcomes.
What is suggested by the uncertainty in illness theory?
Uncertainty results when individuals cannot conceive a way to accept the impact of an illness or disorder, leading to distress.
What triggers uncertainty in illness according to the uncertainty in illness theory?
- Anniversaries and birthdays
- Changes in treatment regimen
- Communications with healthcare providers
- Onset of illness
What is the significance of early diagnosis for developmental disabilities?
Early diagnosis can provide parents with a roadmap to begin treatment.
What is developmental disability?
Developmental disabilities are lifelong physical and associated mental/intellectual disorders that manifest prior to age 22.
What is the recommendation by the American Academy of Pediatrics for developmental screenings?
Developmental screenings should be completed at 13, 24, and 36 months for all children.
What percentage of children under the age of 6 had a disability according to the American Academy of Pediatrics?
3.6 percent
Most disabilities were caused by congenital or developmental problems.
