chapter 12

Question 1

aggression

Answer 1

any physical or verbal behaviour that is intended to harm another person or persons. Physical or psychological harm or both.

Question 2

violence

Answer 2

acts of aggression with more severe consequences.

Question 3

intention

Answer 3

Aggression can be with an intention to act, or with an intention not to act.

Question 4

affective aggression

Answer 4

intends to harm someone for the sake of doing so. Motivated by a strong effective or emotional state. Impulsive or calculated.

Question 5

instrumental aggression

Answer 5

intends to harm another person to serve some other goal. Like a hitman. Not triggered by strong emotions but still intended to harm.

Question 6

eros

Answer 6

that people are motivated by an inborn instinct to seek pleasure and to create.

Question 7

thanatos

Answer 7

that people are born with an aggressive instinct that seeks to destroy life.

Question 8

ethology

Answer 8

behavioral biology, is the study of animal behaviour. Lorenz said that aggressive behaviours helped humans and other species to survive and reproduce.

Question 9

living in bad faith

Answer 9

ignoring the existential questions and ogniroting our moral imperative.

Question 10

3 ways of living in bad faith

Answer 10

Having an impersonal identity, being authoritarian and destruction.

Question 11

men who are more likely to aggress

Answer 11

prone to dimiance, independent self-construal, low self control

Question 12

serotonin

Answer 12

dampens angry and aggressive impulses

Question 13

frustration-aggression hypothesis

Answer 13

aggression is always preceded by frustration and that frustration inevitably leads to aggression. Frustration is the consequence of a blockage of a desired goal.

Question 14

displaced aggression

Answer 14

frustration based aggression that is directed at targets who didnt cause the frustration.

Question 15

triggered displaced aggression

Answer 15

the alternative target adds some level of frustration. Happens when aggression occurs when someone does not respond to an initial frustration, but later is faced with a second event that elicits a more aggressive response that was not warranted.

Question 16

arbitrary agression

Answer 16

agression that results from an arbitrary or illegimate bloackage of a goal. more likely to become agressive when they feel the blockage is arbitrary

Question 17

nonarbitrary agression

Answer 17

agressive acts that results from frustration perceived as justificable. leads to less agression

Question 18

cognitive neoassociationism model

Answer 18

multiple things prompt hostility. Hostile feelings are central contributors to affective aggression. When people have hostile feelings, features of situations that prime aggressive cognitions make aggression more likely.

Question 19

exitation trasnfer theory

Answer 19

aroused by an intial event but no longer think about what made them aroused, and this residual excitation can be transferred to a new event.

Question 20

weapons effect

Answer 20

people get more aggressive when weapons are involved.

Question 21

weapons effect study

Answer 21

If not previously angry, weapons had no effect, but if they were angry, they became more aggressive. When made angry in the presence of weapons they gave the most shocks.

Question 22

proximal agression

Answer 22

emotion drive, irrational, harmful

Question 23

distal agression

Answer 23

aggression that sreves to help groups of societies to cohere. Like aggression is turned to people who might hurt the group

Question 24

alturistic punishement

Answer 24

has no benefit but have signfincant cost for the punisher. Do it because anger is proximal.

Question 25

moral dissengagement

Answer 25

We can cognitively disengage our morals to allow for immoral acts.

Question 26

agression causes self-santion

Answer 26

negative emotions like shame that motivate behavioural change.

Question 27

the dark triad

Answer 27

narcissism, machiavellianism and psychopathy

Question 28

machiavelianism

Answer 28

self regard, exploitation, disregard for morality.

Question 29

narcissism

Answer 29

selfish, lack empathy

Question 30

psychopathy

Answer 30

harm to others, impaired empathy, impulsive.

Question 31

agressiveness and tv

Answer 31

Aggressive tv watching as a kid predicts being an aggressive adult. But a kids elvel of agression does not predict their interest in watching violent shows as an adult.

Question 32

women and men agressivesness

Answer 32

Men more physically aggressive; women more verbally agressive. Dont differ in level of aggression, just mode of aggression.

Question 33

why are men more physically agressive

Answer 33

Men have more testosterone, are larger, and more liely to interpret others actions as intended to provoke them.

Question 34

trait agressiveness

Answer 34

Trait aggressiveness is when they are more likely to agress over time and across situations, more hostile thoughts, more likely to express anger, and more physically and verbally aggressive. emerges at 3, stays stable

Question 35

hostile attirbutions

Answer 35

the degrees to which people infer that anothers actions were committed with hostile intent.

Question 36

hostile attribution bias

Answer 36

tendency to attribute hostile intent to others actions, even when others intentions are innocent.

Question 37

agression and intelect

Answer 37

Aggression can impair intellectual functioning, and poor intellectual functioning can lead to aggression.

Question 38

overcontrolled

Answer 38

Overcontrolled when people let their frustrations build up and lash out huge later.

Question 39

undercontrolled

Answer 39

Undercontrolled aggressive impulses when people just lash out quickly and impulsively.

Question 40

alcohol myopia

Answer 40

not being able to read emotions on someones elses face wehn drunk. Makes u more likely to be a victim of a violent crime.

Question 41

psychopathic abusers

Answer 41

employ abuse inside and outside the relationship. Low impuls control

Question 42

overcontrolled abusers

Answer 42

generally nonviolent but builds up and aggresses towards their partner.

Question 43

borderline abuser

Answer 43

nacissistic or BPD. scared of abandonement, very angry, impulsive, defensive. Probs had lots of issues during childhood.

Question 44

men prone to sexual agression

Answer 44

Men how perceive low power in their lives are prone to use sexual agression to compensate.

Question 45

hostile masculinity syndrome

Answer 45

combination of hostile sexism, belief in rape myths, and insecurity about ones masculinitiy

Question 46

catharsis

Answer 46

like blowing off steam. Actually not good and leads to more aggression.

Question 47

social intervention

Answer 47

Reduce frustrations by improving the of life. Better control access to weapons. More effectively punish aggression. Reduce or reframe media depictions of aggression

Question 48

interpersonal interventions

Answer 48

Improve parental care Strengthen social connections Enhance empathy

Question 49

twin studies

Answer 49

psychical but not relational agression similarities

Question 50

testoterone best descirption

Answer 50

energizer; accentuates exisiting behavioural tendenceis

Question 51

lower 2D;4D

Answer 51

men. good visual and spatial, athletic, domiant and masculine, sensation seeking, psycjtacism

Question 52

higher 2d:4d

Answer 52

women. verbal fluency, emotional problems, neuroticism

Question 53

revised frsutration agression hypothesis

Answer 53

frustration produces an emotional readiness to aggress

Question 54

most reliable provication of agression

Answer 54

a perception of an imminent, intential physical or verbal attack

Question 55

other strong indicator soeones will agress

Answer 55

psychological insult. especially people high in rejection sensitivity

Question 56

morals

Answer 56

largely based in emotion, preceeding cognition.

Question 57

cooperation

Answer 57

sustained by punisheemnt.

Question 58

morals as a cause

Answer 58

what we value is violated by someone, makes is frastrated then angry

Question 59

morals as a contraint

Answer 59

feelings guilt as our bheaviour conflcits with morals, motivates us to avoid the behaviour or repair harm done

Question 60

oxy mechanism

Answer 60

decreases anxiety and increases approach motivation.-> increased trust, cooepration, affiliation. or might reduce self sanctioning, increasing aggresive protection of ones things

Question 61

oxy in animals

Answer 61

when increased, were more protectie of their environement.

Question 62

oxy and groups

Answer 62

higher oxy, more dislike of outgroups. could show more response to when ingroups were in pain

Question 63

when religion icnreases agression it promotes

Answer 63

divisions between groups, illusions of superiotirty and irritaional thinking

Question 64

when religion decreases agression

Answer 64

core of relegion is to be kind.

Question 65

when given a content free religious prime

Answer 65

had reduced defensive reactions

Question 66

religious prime and money

Answer 66

gave more cash when religious prime