chapter 14

Question 1

interpersonal attraction

Answer 1

the study of attraction or liking between two or more people.

Question 2

what is attraction influenced by

Answer 2

Influenced by proximity, similarity, physiological arousal and physical attractiveness.

Question 3

need to belong

Answer 3

desire to form social relationships is fundamental- we need to be part of stable, healthy bonds with family members, romantic partners, and friends in order to function normally.

Question 4

rejection

Answer 4

Rejection makes people distress, and increases vulnerability to physical and mental health problems.

Question 5

evolutionary account of relationships

Answer 5

Comes from how early humans were more likely to survive if they had close relationships.
Children depend on years of care so kids born with a tendency to connect to caregivers would be more likely to receive care.

Question 6

reproductive success

Answer 6

stable close relationships more likely to reproduce, and long term relationships increase the odds for the offspring to survive and reach maturity.

Question 7

proximity

Answer 7

People were twice as likely to form friendships with people in their next door apartment, and same for the overall floor you’re on.

Question 8

camera distance study

Answer 8

Men found women more attractive simply when she was closer to the camera.

Question 9

mere exposure and attraction

Answer 9

Mere exposure makes people feel more at ease and willing to reach out to others they are repeatedly exposed to. Judge people as happier and as having a stronger moral character when we see them more often. Mere exposure does not occur if they are already disliked.

Question 10

reward model of liking

Answer 10

We like people we associate with positive feelings and dislike those we associate with negative feelings.
Shows that we like someone not because of qualities, but because they were around when we felt good.

Question 11

trasnference

Answer 11

associating good feelings to people because they remind us of people we liked in the past.

Question 12

culture and what is important

Answer 12

When they were asked to rate the importance of various attributes of a romantic partner, participants from modern, individualistic nations rated humor and kindness higher, and dependability lower, than did participants from more collectivistic nations. Culture teaches what qualities they think they should like.

Question 13

simlairty and attraction

Answer 13

Similarity is one of the stronger predictors of attraction. Especially when people share rare attitudes. Similarity can be in attitudes, personality and appearance.

Question 14

perceived similarity

Answer 14

As attraction increases, so does perceived similarity and vice versa. Perceived similariy can lead to romantic liking.

Question 15

misperception of similarity

Answer 15

couples think they are more similar than they are

Question 16

opposites attract

Answer 16

Opposites attract is an exception. A few ways are highly masculine men and highly feminine women. And high dominance women like high submissive women partners. People who like to save marry people who like to spend.

Question 17

why people partner with opposites

Answer 17

People partner with people dissimilar to them because they find their differences novel and exciting in the short term. Doesn’t work in the long term.

Question 18

self evaluation maintenance model

Answer 18

Self evaluation maintenance model suggests that liking different things helps to take pride in one’s own accomplishments and not feeling threatened by the other.

Question 19

me-share and i-share

Answer 19

“Me-share” with others when we feel that we are the same kind of person, whereas we “I-share” with others when we believe that our subjective experiences of the world are the same, even if our “Me’s” seem very different.
‘i’ connect so stronly can look past differences.

Question 20

existential isolation

Answer 20

one is alone in one’s experiences and nobody else can see our perspective. So more attracted to people who see the world like we do.

Question 21

gain loss theory

Answer 21

They observed that in some contexts, a compliment from someone who has criticized you in the past is more surprising and thus more potent than a compliment from a friend or spouse who has had only good things to say about you

Question 22

flattery

Answer 22

Flattery almost always works. Tend to even like suspect flattery more than someone who is not flattering us at all.

Question 23

how much attractiveness matters

Answer 23

Attractiveness matters the most when you don’t know the person. This lessens as we get to know them.

Question 24

reward model

Answer 24

it’s more pleasant to look at attractive people. Like why babies look at attractive people more.

Question 25

forming an impression of looks

Answer 25

Takes 0.15seconds to assess someone's looks. The more attractive we find them, the more positive impressions we form of them.

Question 26

impacts of attractivness

Answer 26

- make more money - lesser jail sentences - more socially skilled and well liked - people think they are self centered, so wont get hired for menial jobs

Question 27

averagness effect

Answer 27

more attractive when it's very average. Nothing about these faces is unique.

Question 28

what is attractive

Answer 28

men and women gave their highest rating—and equally high ratings—to kindness, dependability, a good sense of humor, and a pleasant disposition

Question 29

attraction to scarcity

Answer 29

People are attracted to whatever is scarce or in high demand at the time in society. like tanned skin bc u have money to go on vacation

Question 30

benefits of sex

Answer 30

Sex can increae connetion and have protective effects in relationships. Beneficial for attacheemnt insecurity and neroticism.

Question 31

passionate love

Answer 31

intense longing with physiological arousal. When reciprocated, fulfillment and ecstasy. When not, feel despair. Passion starts high and decreases over time.

Question 32

companionate love

Answer 32

feelings of intimacy and affection for another person we care for. Intimacy starts low and increases gradually.

Question 33

self expansion theory

Answer 33

engaging in acitivities with a romantic partner that broaden ones sense of self and perspective of the world can reingnite feelings of exhiliration and passion reminiscent of when coupls first fell in love.

Question 34

nonverbal bids

Answer 34

things like touching, faciel expression, gestures. When these are reciprocated, way more happy relationships. 15% end in divorce compared to 65%.

Question 35

4 horsemen of relational apocolypse

Answer 35

criticism, contempt, defensiveness, stonewalling.

Question 36

parental investment

Answer 36

time and effort investment in their kids. Men invest less.

Question 37

mating strategies

Answer 37

men more short term to have lots of kids, so can't invest much in all of them. Women more long term mating by choosing mates carefully. Evolutionary perspective.

Question 38

looking for qualities in partners

Answer 38

When men are looking for a long term partner, they look for other qualities like warmth and stuff. Women look for those qualities even from a short term partner.

Question 39

5 core motives of sex

Answer 39

pleasure, foster intimacy, affirm ones self worth, cope with negative emotions and to gain partner or peer approval.

Question 40

cheating

Answer 40

Men are more bothered than women if they are cheated on with a asexual affair. Women were more bothered if it was emotional. Both are more bothered if emotional though. differences dissapear based on how the questions are asked.

Question 41

mate guarding

Answer 41

efforts to prevent a sexual partner from mating with someone else to avoid the cost of rearing their offspring. Men do this.