Collocations

Question 1

Chuva Forte

Answer 1

**Diriving…/heavy…/pounding…/torrential… **

• He offered tips for driving in heavy rain. (Ele ofereceu dicas para dirigir na chuva forte.)
• Snow, heavy rain and strong winds are expected across the South Island. (Neve, chuva forte e ventos fortes são esperados por toda South Island.)
• We drove slowly through the driving rain. (Dirigimos devagar na chuva forte.)

Estas são apenas algumas das formas de dizer “chuva forte”, temos ambém pouring rain / torrential rain / lashing rain (esp. BrE)

• We found her sitting in the pouring rain. (Encontramos ela sentada na forte chuva.)

Spoken forms:

• It’s raining hard/heavily. (raining a lot)
• It’s pouring (with rain)(BrE). (I got outside and started pouring) Used to say that it is raining very hard.

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Question 2

Chuva fraca / chuvisco / garoa

Chuva de verão

Answer 2

drizzling rain / fine rain / light rain / summer rain / soft rain

• The fine rain turned to mist in the early evening. (A chuva fraca se transformou em névoa naquela tarde.)
• The forecast is for wind and light rain. (A previsão é de vento e chuva fraca.)
• Summer rain brings hope to western Queensland farmers.

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Spoken forms:

• Is it raining outside? ‘It’s just drizzling’ (Tá chovendo lá fora? Só uma garoa)
• Is it raining outside? ‘It’s just sprinkling’ (Tá chovendo lá fora? Só uns pingos/chuvisco)

Question 3

Chuva de granizo

Answer 3

• It hailed for an hour. [Choveu granizo por uma hora.]
• It’s hailing. [Está chovendo granizo.]
• The hail melted once the sun came out. [O granizo derreteu assim que o sol saiu.]
• We got caught in the hail. [Fomos surpreendidos por uma chuva de granizo.]
• It was terrible driving through the hail. [Foi horrível dirigir no meio da chuva de granizo.]
• A heavy hail storm damaged at least 50 houses at Kharam Pallen village

Question 4

Highly (adv. Formal)

is used with some probability words (likely, unusual). With the exception of highly controversial it usually combines with very positive words. Extremely can also be used with all the opposite adjectives except recommended.

Answer 4

~ dangerous / toxic / flammable

• Danger: highly flammable materials!

~ skilled / educate / trained / intelligent

• Our engineers are highly skilled and very difficult to replace when they leave

~ successful / productive

• She arrived in Australia as a refugee, but went on to become a highly successful lawyer.

~ (un)like/ unusual / successful / competitive / profitable / effective / controversial / recommended

• It is highly unlikely that I’ll finish my work on time.
• Jill’s highly unusual behaviour began to worry her parents.

Question 5

Absolutely, utterly (slightly more formal)

Combine with adjectives wiith very extreme meanings where we can’t use very. For example: we say absolutely/utterly exhausted, not very exhausted, whereas we way very tired, but not abolutely or utterly tired. Often, but not always, these words have negative connotations.

Answer 5

~ ridiculous / stupid / impossible / wrong / alone / appalled / convinced / devastated / miserable / marvellous / wonderful / delicious / filthy / disgusting / awful / terrified / delighted / furious / necessary / essential

• It was an absolutely stupid comment to make.
• The whole area was utterly devastated after the earthquake.
• We had an absolutely marvellous day.
• The costumes were absolutely stunning.
• When they came in from the yard, they were absolutely filthy.
• She stood in the middle of the stage looking absolutely terrified.
• Don’t call me unless it’s absolutely necessary.

Utterly impossible / useless / worthless / rejected / spoil / destroy

• Without their help it would have been utterly impossible to arrange the conference.
• Whether you like her or not is utterly irrelevant.
• We utterly reject the philosophy of compulsory wage control.

Question 6

Bitterly

Carries a feeling of deep sadness; used slightly more in writing than in conversation.

Answer 6

disappointing/disapointed / resent / criticise / regret / complain / cry / weep / ashamed / opposed / cold

• I was bitterly disappointed when I failed the exam.
• I heard the sound of a woman weeping bitterly. (=crying hard)
• I bitterly regretted my decision to leave. (with a feeling of great sadness)
• She bitterly resented his mother’s influence over him. (Ela ressentiu-se/rancorou-se profundamente por conta da influência materna sobre ela.
• She felt deeply ashamed of her son’s behaviour.

Question 7

Deeply

collocates mainly with words associated with feelings; used slightly more in writing than in conversation.

Answer 7

ashamed / concerned / shocked / committed / moved / affected / hurt (of feelings) / regret / care / religious / unhappy / disturbed / greatful / worried / unpopular

• Professor McDellvit was always deeply committed to her students.
• I am deeply/extremely grateful for the assistance your staff have provided.

Question 8

ridiculously

suggests something extreme, which seems unbelievable or unreasonable

Answer 8

cheap / expensive / easy / low / high / long / short / small / large / early

• The restaurant was ridiculously expensive. I don’t think we’ll go there again.

Question 9

strongly

collocates with verbs, particularly verbs that relate to having an opinion.

Answer 9

oppose / influence / believe / deny / recommend / support / condemn / suggest / feel / argue / object / link / related / criticize

• I would strongly recommend that you learn a foreign language
• Our economy is inextricably/strongly linked with America’s.
• Cigarette smoking behavior is strongly related to educational status.
• INU-Republican and Democratic dignitaries from the US on Saturday strongly criticized the Obama administration’s soft policy on Iran

Question 10

What’s this?

Answer 10

Damp Walls / damp house

• Oh, dear me, no one could live in a cold, damp house!

Question 11

What you can describe this weather?

Answer 11

A dump weather.

Question 12

Sort of Breads

Answer 12

• pão francês » roll, bread roll
• pão de alho » garlic bread
• pão de hambúrguer » hamburger bun ou burger bun
• pão de cachorro quente » hot dog bun
• pão de centeio » rye bread
• pão de forma » sliced bread
• pão de queijo » cheese bread
• pão integral » wholemeal bread ou wholewheat bread
• pão sírio » pita bread (Inglês Americano) ou pitta bread (Inglês Britânico)
• pão com gergelim » sesame seed bread
• pão caseiro » homemade bread
• baguete » baguette, French stick, French bread

Question 13

Storming of the Bastille

storming a building

Answer 13

Tomada da bastilha

Ataque ao prédio (ataque armado ou violento)

• We refer to this event as the Storming of the Bastille, and it is still common to talk about troops or gunmen storming a building when it is a fast, violent attack.
• The ISIS militants had placed a number of snipers on the building rooftop who were killed by the YPG fighters before storming the building. (http://rudaw.net/english/kurdistan/260620157)

Question 14

overthrow a government or the monarchy

Answer 14

• Revolutions happen when a group of people want to overthrow a government or the monarchy. (derrubar/destituir um governo ou monarquia)
  *

Question 15

period of unrest

tensions escalate

Answer 15

• They usually occur after a period of unrest, and when people become more and more angry, we say that tensions escalate.

Question 16

to trigger or spark riots

Answer 16

• Often, something happens to trigger or spark riots.

Question 17

riots (and wars) break out

hit by riot

Answer 17

• We say that riots (and wars) break out, and if we want to emphasize how sudden and violent they are, we often use the verb erupt.
• Riots erupt in Baltimore after Freddie Gray funeral.(https://www.bostonglobe.com)
• Baltimore hit by riots. ((https://www.bostonglobe.com)

Question 18

quell the disturbances/unrest

to quell doubts

Answer 18

• Police in riot gear were called in to quell the disturbances/unrest.
• This latest setback will have done nothing to quell the growing doubts about the future of the club.

Question 19

put the riot down

Answer 19

Stop the riot

• Police used tear gas to put the riot down.

Question 20

UK Put the prices down (US bring the price down)

Answer 20

UK (UK and US bring sth down) to reduce a price or a charge:

• Shops are being forced to put their prices down in order to attract customers.
• It’s time that the government put down interest rates.

Question 21

Crush riots

crush rebellion

Answer 21

• Police uses tear gas to crush riots in overcrowded migrant camp in Hungary. (the independent)
• The president called upon the army to help crush the rebellion.

Question 22

claimed success

claims to (verb)

claim responsability

claim victory

Answer 22

• [+ (that)] The company claims (that) it is not responsible for the pollution in the river.
• [+ to infinitive] He claims to have met the president, but I don’t believe him.
• All parties have claimed success in yesterday’s elections.
• An unknown terrorist group has claimed responsibility for this morning’s bomb attack.
• At the end of such a struggle, the winning side claims victory.

Question 23

inflicts defeat on

Answer 23

• We also say it inflicts defeat on the other side.
• Estonia inflicts defeat on Norway.

Question 24

suffer defeat (to)

Answer 24

• Meanwhile, fighters on the losing side suffer defeat.
• Glamorgan suffer defeat at home to Surrey.
• Cambs & Hunts girls’ second team suffer defeat to Norfolk.

Question 25

**concede defeat**

Answer 25

**to admit that you have lost in a competition:** * if they reach a point where they have to admit they have lost, they **concede defeat**. * He kept on arguing and wouldn't **concede defeat**. * She **conceded** even before all the votes had been counted.

Question 26

**heavy** or **crushing *defeat*** or a **decisive** or **resounding *victory***.

Answer 26

* If one side has been very *badly beaten*, we talk about a **heavy** or **crushing** defeat or a **decisive** or **resounding** victory.

Question 27

**social upheaval** **political upheaval**

Answer 27

* Both events led to huge **social** and **political upheaval**, and both demonstrated the power of the will of the people. (turbulência política, distúrbio social (expressões similares)) * Venezuela is living through very critical days of **political and social upheaval**. (A Venezuela vive dias muito críticos de **comoção política** e **social**.)

Question 28

* pedir um favor * esperar um favor de alguém * conceder um favor a alguém * fazer um favor * dever um favor a alguém * retribuir um favor * precisar de um favor * obter um favor * aceitar um favor * receber um favor * um grande gavor * um pequeno favor * um favor especial * um favor pessoal * um último favor * um favor político * um favor sexual

Answer 28

pedir um favor » ask a favor esperar um favor de alguém » expect a favor from someone conceder um favor a alguém » bestow a favor on someone (formal), grant someone a favor fazer um favor » do a favor dever um favor a alguém » owe someone a favor retribuir um favor » repay a favor, return a favor precisar de um favor » need a favor * obter um favor » get a favor, obtain a favor * aceitar um favor » accept a favor * receber um favor » receive a favor * um grande gavor » a big favor, a great favor, a huge favor * um pequeno favor » a little favor, a small favor * um favor especial » a special favor * um favor pessoal » a personal favor * um último favor » a last favor * um favor político » a political favor * um favor sexual » a sexual favor

Question 29

**Exige muita... (pratica, estudo, observação)**

Answer 29

**To take a lot of** The skill of listening to a piece and writing it down in musical notation takes a lot of practice. Being a good musician **takes a lot of practice**. "I profoundly believe it **takes a lot of practice** to become a moral *slob*." - William F. Buckley, Jr. quotes from BrainyQuote.com. It is possible to learn to be eloquent, but that **takes a lot of** study and exercise. It takes a **lot of observation** to notice that you need to notice something else and it takes a lot of passion to follow-through on an idea.

Question 30

**Familiarizar-se com ... estar mais familiarizado/acostumado com...**

Answer 30

**To get more used to (sth)** * You are now **getting more used to** listening carefully and thinking about how sound relates to notation. * Sweden is **getting more used to** immigrants * They are **getting more used** to equality