Lie Detection Midterm Flashcards by Eunise Torreblanca

Scientific method of detecting deception with the use of a polygraph instrument .
This is the new name of lie detection

Polygraphy

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Is a recorder of a -psychological changes occurring within the examining body as the photography examiners ask a series of test question

Polygraph

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Means many writings. The name refers to the manner in which selected physiological activities are simultaneously collected and recorded.

Polygraph

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Also called truth verifier

Polygraph

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It is the popular but misleading name of the polygraph

Lie detector

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CONCEPTS OF POLYGRAPH EXAMINATION

Used to test an individual for the purpose of detecting deception or verifying the truthfulness of his statements.
It is done by recording identifiable physiological reactions of the subject, such as: blood pressure, pulse rate, respiration and skin resistance.
The effectiveness of the polygraph in recording symptoms of deception is based on the theory that “ a conscious mental effort on the part of a normal person to deceive causes involuntary physiological changes that are in effect a body’s reaction to an imminent danger to its well-being.

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WHAT ARE THE OBJECTIVES OF A POLYGRAPH EXAMINATION?

Polygraph examination is conducted in order to:
3.
Obtain additional investigation leads to the facts of the case/offenses.
Ascertain if a person is tenting the truth.
Locate the fruits or tools of the crime and whereabouts of wanted persons.

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WHAT ARE THE OBJECTIVES OF A POLYGRAPH EXAMINATION?

Polygraph examination is conducted in order to:

Obtain additional investigation leads to the facts of the case/offenses.
Ascertain if a person is tenting the truth.
Locate the fruits or tools of the crime and whereabouts of wanted persons.
Identify other persons involved (accomplices of crime).
Obtain valuable information from reluctant witnesses.
Eliminate the innocent suspects.

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Used as investigative aid or technical aid in the investigative process to verify, if the statement of the victims are complainant, established the credibility of the witness and evaluates the truthfulness of the subject. It is also used for a preemployment screening and loyalty check of personnel

Polygraph examination

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Considered us the most effective way of establishing and scientifically accepted where the investigator can evaluate the evidence

Polygraph examination in law enforcement

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What are the ultimate objective of conducting paragraph examination?

To obtain subjects, admission or confession to the offense committed

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Is a statement of fact, by the accuse which do not directly acknowledge meant of guilt in quitting or having participated in the commission of an offense.

Admission

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Declaration made by a person voluntary stating or acknowledging that has committed or participated in the commission of crime

Confession

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The polygraph machine is mechanically capable of making graphical records containing reliable information regarding physiological changes

The mechanical basic premise

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Among the psychological changes that may be recorded and unidentified are those that automatically occurs only following the stimulation of those specific nervous system components can be reliably diagnosed

The physiological basic premise

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The specific nervous system component whose stimulation can be diagnosed are so stimulated by the involuntary mental and emotional processes of the individual who is consciously attempting concealment of deception

The psychological basic premise

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They exist when the heart is contracted, and the values are the open with the blood rushing into the arteries

Systolic or high pressure

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This exist when the values are closed, and the heart are relaxed

Diastolic or low pressure

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An automatic organ that continues to beat even when removed from the body of provided with proper blood

Heart

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Normal blood pressure

120/80

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A certain hormone that increases the heartbeat frequency

Adrenaline

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Caused by the contraction of the diaphragm, an expansion of the chest cavity that result in the air rushing into the lungs

Inspiration

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Caused by relaxation of the diaphragm and contraction of the chest cavity, resulting in the air rushing out of the lungs

Expiration

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Most current popular name of the human body phenomenon in which the body mainly the skin changes resistance electrically upon the application of certain external stimuli

Electrodermal response

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Interference, abnormal response that originates in fright to the machine of the reaction, chain or situation fright. Appears on the first question or so, and no longer appear throughout the test.

Machine fright, response

Interfering response caused by voluntary physical movement by the subject during the light test and is found between steps 4 to 5 of the reaction chain

Physical movement response

Interfering response, originating in step one of the reaction chain in the form of unwanted auditory or stimuli. Like slamming of the door ringing of the telephone and a cough or sneeze by spectator in the room .

Outside interference response

Interfering response which originates between step two and step three in the reaction chain. Other name isguilt complex.

Mental tie up response

Abnormalities as a result of telling a lie more

Deception response

Polygraph accuracy rate

95% to 98%

Generally, the factor affecting polygraph examination accuracy

1. the instrument 2. The condition of the subject. 3. The condition of the examination room. 4. The qualification and skills of the examiner.

15% error of the light detection test come from the following circumstances

1. Nervousness or extreme emotional tension is experience by a subject who is stealing the truth regarding the offense and question, but who is nevertheless affected. 2. Physiological abnormalities such as high or excessive blood low pressure. Disease of the heart. 3. Mental abnormality such as fable, mindedness, psychosis, and psychoneurosis. 4. Unresponsiveness in a lying or guilty subject because of no fear of detection. 5. Attempt to beat the machine by controlled breathing or by muscular flexing. 6. An observed application of muscular pressure which produce ambiguities and misleading indication in the blood pressure tracing

What are the barriers to the polygraph examination?

1 pathological liar 2 mental cases 3. Persons under the influence of intoxicating liquor 4 narcotics related case 5 various heart and other organic troubles

Is common both in a desktop model for polygraph examinations administered in the office and in a laptop model for travel

Lafayette computerized polygraph instrument

how does the polygraph instrument work?

By stay simultaneously records, various face logical phenomenon by means horizontal kymograph

Monitored by placing around the examiners chest and abdomen to rubber tubes, filled with air called pneumograph

Respiratory rate

A blood pressure cuff is placed around the examine upper arm

Blood pressure or heart rate

This is also called electrodermal activity and basically a measure of sweat on the subject fingertips

Galvanic skin resistance

This is the longest and the third pen of the instrument. Attach to the index finger and the ring finger of the left hand.

Galvanigraph component

The fourth and the bottom pen of the instrument

Cardiograph component

This is the chart drive recording unit of the instrument

Kymograph component

What are the detachable parts of polygraph instrument?

Finger electrodes Blood pressure cough Pneumo tube 1&2

What are the belt in accessories of the polygraph instrument?

Kymograph Pen and inking system Pneumograph section Cardio section Galvanograph section

He must be intelligent person with a reasonably good educational background prefer preferably college degree. He should have an intense interest in the work itself a good practical understanding of human nature and suitably personality traits we get along with people.

The examiner

Generally, there are three types for polygraph, testing, a suspect, victim, or complainant, and the witness

The subject

Should be conducted in a quiet room With no destruction within the subject view No windows at all Contain no ornament pictures or other object which distract the attention of the subject The presence of other officers or other expectation made itself at the store buns and destruction Advocate ventilation Observatory room with one way mirror Equipped with hidden microphone And if the subject is female, there must be a designated female officer who afford protection to the female subject

The examination room

What is the usual duration of the polygraph testing?

One to three hours

The question should be repeated 3 to 4 times and last no longer than few minutes for each question

True

What are the phase one?

Preliminary preparation Preliminary observation

This stage is the initial interview with the investigator or handling the case or person requesting it. The group involved in this stage are the victim or the complainant suspect and witnesses. This stage include obtaining and evaluation of facts determining areas of the subject needs to be asked

Preliminary preparation

Behavioral observation of the subject begins from the time he entered the reception room until he escorted into the examination room and must be recorded by a secretary or receptionist. What observe are the subjects of general conduct or behavior while in the waiting room

Preliminary observations

Phase 2

The pretest interview

This is the stage of interview of the subject. The primary purpose of the this interview is to prepare or condition the subject for the test..

The pretest interview

The phase 3

The examination proper

The after the pretest interviewed, the examiner should proceed to the placement or attachment of polygraph sensor. The first to be attached is the pneumograph followed by the cardiograph and the galvanograph

The exam examination proper

Avoid lengthy question and ambiguous, and also avoid legal terms such as straight murder and embezzlement

True

Relevant test questions used in any examination should be confined by a single case investigation

Limiting scope of question

This are question pertaining to the issue under their investigation. It is equally important to the limit the number of relevant question to avoid discomfort to the subject.

Irrelevant question

This are question unrelated to the matter under investigation, but are of similar nature, although less serious as compared to those relevant question under their investigation

Control question

The examiner then inspect the chart and ask the subject about his or here reaction to the question the usual purpose for obtaining subjects reaction is to allow refinement in the question are review again

The stimulation test

Designed to farther convince subject of the accuracy of the polygraph examination and reassure thoughtfulness to the subject and provoke anxiety and deceptive subject

Stimulation test

Ben balance is critical The pen is to be healed on paper by fraction inflate pressure until you reach subjects mean pressure.

Obtain blood pressure tracing

Observed subject for point of maximum chest motion, place tube at the point where maximum motion is observed

Obtaining proper tracing of the pneumograph

Depending on the model of the instrument to power switch from off and on position when the Delvo pen falls to the bottom of the church, it is done ready for operation from 15 to 18 seconds after you turned the switch to on position

Obtaining proper tracing of Galvano graph

Position the hand or tips of fingers for convenience adjust the sensitivity

Application of the electrodes to the subject

Have the subject take a deep breath or touch subjects, air, or neck or make a quick motion within subjects line of vision

Sensitivity test

Bose wave goals and expansion of the arterial wall and an increase surface pressure against the calf bladder, thus forcing air from the bladder through the tube being into the tambour

The ascending lamb of cardio

When a pulse wave passes beyond cuff, bladder attendant drop in a sore face pressure against bladder, reverses, this processes permitting the below to return to or towards its original position

Descending limb of cardio tracing

Is caused by the minor secondary pulse wave passing under the beyond the blood pressure cuff

Diacrotic notch

Cardio- blood pressure Pneumo- chest breathing Galvo- finger

What is the standard computing rate?

It is moving under pants, a uniform rate 6 inches per minute

Phase 4

The post test interview

This stages includes all consideration that beers on the examination. This is done just after the instrument is turned off.

The post test interview

If the polygraph test result indicates deception, the examiner will then proceed to conduct short interrogation. But if the subject is innocent, the examiner will just release the subject cordially and thanks him or her for his or her corporation.

True in post test interview

Lie Detection Midterm Flashcards

(75 cards)