CH1 SEC3

Question 1

What Two things does the muscular system include.

Answer 1

Muscles and Tendons

Question 2

What is a Muscle

Answer 2

Is an organ that contracts in a coordinated fashion.

Question 3

What does Muscles include?

Answer 3

Muscle Tissue,blood vessels,nerves and connective tissue.

Question 4

What does Muscle contraction and relaxation enable the body to do?

Answer 4

Enables body to move and provides the force that pushes substances(blood and food) through the body.

Question 5

How much of the body’s weight to muscles account for?

Answer 5

1/3

Question 6

What are the 3 muscle Tissues?

Answer 6

Skeletal MT, Smooth MT, Cardiac MT

Question 7

Do muscles move the bone?

Answer 7

Yes but bones can’t move muscles

Question 8

What parts of the body do skeletal tissue move?

Answer 8

It’s responsible for moving parts of the body like limbs,trunk and face

Question 9

What are Skeletal Tissue Made of?

Answer 9

Muscle fibers (which are elongated in shape)

Question 10

What do Muscle fibers contain?

Answer 10

Each muscle fiber contain many nuclei(they are multinucleated)

Question 11

What are striations?

Answer 11

Each muscle fiber is crossed by a light and dark stripes called Striations.

Question 12

Are Muscle fibers surrounded by connective Tissue?

Answer 12

YES, and the connective tissue unites to form tendons.

Question 13

Skeletal Muscle fibers are grouped into:

Answer 13

Dense bundles called Fascicles and a group of fascicles are bound together by connective tissue to form a muscle.

Question 14

Is the skeletal muscles actions voluntary or involuntary?

Answer 14

Voluntary

Question 15

Muscle fibers are the target for________ _______

Answer 15

Insulin hormone

Question 16

Smooth Muscles can change the________ of blood vessels

Answer 16

Diameter

Question 17

Where is the Cardiac Tissue found?

Answer 17

Makes up the walls of the heart.

Question 18

What are the cardiac Tissues specialities?

Answer 18

It’s Striated,It’s Involuntary and each cell has on nucleus.

Question 19

The Smooth Muscle forms the Walls of the:

Answer 19

Stomach,Intestine,blood vessels,uterus,bladder,fallopian tubes,urethra,vas deferens and other internal organs.

Question 20

What are the specialities of the Muscle fibers in the Smooth MT?

Answer 20

Are spindle shaped,Have single nucleus,interlace to form sheets, have no striations and are surrounded by connective tissue.

Question 21

Does the Connective tissue in Smooth MT muscle fibers unite to form tendons

Answer 21

NO because they are not connected to bone.

Question 22

Is Smooth MT movements voluntary or involuntary?

Answer 22

Involuntary

Question 23

Other than muscle fibers what else are present in Muscle Tissue?

Answer 23

Connective tissue,blood vessels and nerves

Question 24

Are Muscle cells easy to injure

Answer 24

Yes

Question 25

What is the connective tissues role in muscle fibers?

Answer 25

Supports each muscle fiber and reinforces muscle as a whole

Question 26

What does the health of a muscle depend on?

Answer 26

A sufficient nerve Blood supply

Question 27

What controls the activity of each Skeletal Muscle

Answer 27

Their Nerve ending

Question 28

Why does Muscle health also depend on Blood supply?

Answer 28

Muscles use a lot of energy and require continuous supply of oxygen & nutrients(supplied by arteries). They also produce large amounts of metabolic waste that must be removed through veins.

Question 29

What are Myofibrils

Answer 29

are bundles of threadlike structures inside a skeletal muscle fiber.

Question 30

What are Myofibrils made of?

Answer 30

2 types of protein filaments(actin and Myosin)

Question 31

Actin are__________ filaments while myosin are__________ filaments

Answer 31

Thin Thick

Question 32

How are actin and myosin arranged?

Answer 32

Arranged to form overlapping pattern which gives striated muscle tissue it's striped look

Question 33

What is the Z-line of a muscle

Answer 33

Is the structure that actin filaments are anchored at their endpoints.

Question 34

What is the Sarcomere of muscle?

Answer 34

Is the region between the two Z Lines.( includes actin,myosin and Z line)

Question 35

Muscle arrangement=

Answer 35

Muscle - Fasicle - Muscle fiber-myofibril -sarcomere - mysoin and actin

Question 36

What is the functional unit of muscle contraction?

Answer 36

Sarcomere

Question 37

What happens when a muscle contracts?

Answer 37

Myosin and actin interact to shorten the sarcomere

Question 38

Myosin filaments have___________ shaped like___________. Actin filaments look like a ________________

Answer 38

1.) extensions 2.) Oval heads 3.) Twisted strand of beads

Question 39

1st Step of muscle contraction=

Answer 39

Myosin filaments heads attach to points between the beads of actin filaments,forming a cross bridge and the zone of overlap increases.

Question 40

2nd step of Muscle contraction=

Answer 40

Mysoin heads then bend inward,pulling the actin with them.

Question 41

3rd step of muscle contraction=

Answer 41

Myosin head detach from actin and the cross bridge breaks by using ATP. The mysoin head bend back to original position and attach to a new point on actin filament and pull again. Shortening the sarcomere causing the muscle to contract as a whole.

Question 42

When do Actin and myosin overlap the most?

Answer 42

When the muscle is fully contracted

Question 43

Only length of ___________ shortens during contraction

Answer 43

Sarcomere

Question 44

Only ____________ filaments slide over each over during full contraction

Answer 44

Actin

Question 45

What is essential for muscle contraction?

Answer 45

Calcium Ions

Question 46

What is the rule for muscle contraction?

Answer 46

Muscle contraction is an all-or-none response.

Question 47

How is the force of muscle contraction determined?

Answer 47

By the number of muscle fibers that are stimulated. The more the higher the force.

Question 48

How are skeletal muscles attached?

Answer 48

To one end of a bone,stretched across a joint and are fastened to a point on another bone.

Question 49

What parts of the bones are muscles attached to?

Answer 49

Outer membrane of the bone(periosteum) either directly or by tendon

Question 50

What is a Tendon?

Answer 50

It's a tough fibrous cord of connective tissue that connects muscle to bone.

Question 51

Where is the lower end of your biceps muscle in the arm connected to?

Answer 51

Radius in your forearm by tendons

Question 52

Where is the upper end of the biceps muscle connected to?

Answer 52

Scapula in your shoulder by tendons

Question 53

Is the lower end of your triceps muscle connected to the scapula

Answer 53

NO it is connected to the ulna by tendons the upper end is connected to scapula.

Question 54

What occurs when the biceps muscle contracts

Answer 54

The triceps muscle relax and the forearm(elbow) flexes upward while scapula remains stationary.

Question 55

When your forearm straightens which muscles contract and relax?

Answer 55

Triceps contract and Biceps relax.(Scapula is still stationary.)

Question 56

Are skeletal muscles antagonistic?

Answer 56

YES

Question 57

How do muscles move bones

Answer 57

By pulling them not pushing

Question 58

What is required for smooth muscle movement?

Answer 58

One muscle in the pair must relax while the other one contracts

Question 59

In terms of muscle what is the origin point?

Answer 59

Is the point where muscles attach to the stationary bone(scapula)

Question 60

The point where muscles attach to the moving bone(radius&ulna) are called

Answer 60

Insertion

Question 61

What is a flexor muscle with an example?

Answer 61

A Muscle that bends a joint when contracted (biceps)

Question 62

What is an extensor muscle with an example?

Answer 62

A Muscle that straightens a joint when contracted(triceps)

Question 63

What is Muscle Fatigue?

Answer 63

Is the physiological inability of a muscle to contract resulting from depletion of ATP

Question 64

What are the sources of energy in our body?

Answer 64

Glucose Glycogen Fat molecules

Question 65

What energy source does the body use first?

Answer 65

Glucose

Question 66

What is the energy source that is stored in the muscles and when is it used?

Answer 66

Glycogen- used when blood can't deliver enough amounts of glucose. Glycogen provides lots of energy but is still sometimes used up

Question 67

Which energy source is used during prolonged and vigorous extertions and why?

Answer 67

Fat molecules- and contain a greater concentration of potential energy than any other molecule.

Question 68

When does Muscle fatigue set in?

Answer 68

When energy availability fails to keep up with it's use.

Question 69

What happens during muscle fatigue?

Answer 69

Muscle activity ceases and ATP is absent a state of continuous contraction occurs and person will suffer from severe cramps.

Question 70

When is Oxygen used?

Answer 70

During cellular respiration and in the synthesis of ATP.

Question 71

When are large amounts of Oxygen needed?

Answer 71

To maintain maximum ATP production during intense exercise

Question 72

What is oxygen Debt and what does it cause ?

Answer 72

It's the temporary lack of oxygen availability in the body. It causes accumulation of lactic acid as metabolic waste in the muscle fibers leading to soreness.

Question 73

What are the consequences of oxygen debt?

Answer 73

Causes a person to spend time in rapid,deep breathing after exercise.

Question 74

When Oxygen debt is repaid does Muscle soreness still continue?

Answer 74

Yes it may continue until all the metabolic wastes in the muscle fibers are carried away or converted.