CH8 SEC3

Question 1

DNA Replication is the Process where:

Answer 1

DNA is Copied in a Cell before a Cell Divides

Question 2

Name the 3 Ways in Which Cells Can Divide?

Answer 2

1.) Mitosis (Eukaryotic Cells)
2.) Meiosis (Eukaryotic Cells)
3.) Binary Fission (Prokaryotic Cells)

Question 3

In DNA Replication What Happens to the 2 Nucleotide Strands of the Original Double Helix?

Answer 3

They Separate Along Strands

Question 4

Each of the 2 Original Strands Serve:

Answer 4

As a Template to Make a New Complementary Strand

Question 5

In Summary What is Produced as a Result of DNA Replication?

Answer 5

2 Identical Double-Stranded DNA

Question 6

The DNA Molecules Produced _______ and move into _______.

Answer 6

1.) Separate 2.) New Cells

Question 7

What Enzyme is Used in the 1st Step of DNA Replication?

Answer 7

Helicase Enzyme

Question 8

Helicases Enzymes Separate:

Answer 8

DNA Strands & Move Along the DNA Molecule

Question 9

The Helicases Enzymes Breaks:

Answer 9

The Hydrogen Bonds Between the Complementary Nitrogenous Bases

Question 10

The Action of Helicase Enzyme Allows:

Answer 10

2 DNA Strands of Double-Helix to Separate

Question 11

Replication Fork is the:

Answer 11

Y-Shaped Region that forms when 2 Strands Separate

Question 12

Helicase Enzyme Breaks Hydrogen Bonds Between ________ & __________

Answer 12

Purines & Pyrimidines

Question 13

What Enzyme is Used in the 2nd Step of DNA Replication?

Answer 13

DNA Polymerase Enzyme

Question 14

How is the DNA Polymerase Enzyme Function?

Answer 14

It Adds Complementary Nucleotides to Each of the 2 Original Strands

Question 15

Where are the Nucleotides Found that DNA Polymerase Adds to the Strands?

Answer 15

They are Found Floating Freely Inside the Nucleus

Question 16

What Bonds Forms as a Result of DNA Polymerase’s Actions?

Answer 16

Hydrogen & Covalent Bonds

Question 17

In Step 2 Hydrogen Bonds form Between:

Answer 17

Complementary Nitrogenous Bases on the Original & New Strands

Question 18

In Step 2 Covalent Bonds Form Between:

Answer 18

Adjacent Nucleotides on the Newly Formed Strand.

Question 19

What of the 2 Nucleotides are Covalent Bonds Between?

Answer 19

The Deoxyribose Sugar of 1 Nucleotide
& the Phosphate Group of the Next Nucleotide

Question 20

DNA Polymerase Finishes _________ DNA & _______ off.

Answer 20

1.) Replicating 2.) Fall Off

Question 21

After DNA Polymerase Actions is the Result 2 Separate & Identical DNA Molecules?

Answer 21

YES

Question 22

DNA Replication is Called _____-_______ Replicaton

Answer 22

Semi-Conservation

Question 23

In Semi-Conservation Replication Describe the new DNA-Double Helix?

Answer 23

One of it’s Strands is from the Original Molecule & the Other Strand in New

Question 24

Can We Say that Each of the 2 New DNA Molecules has Kept 1 of the 2 Original DNA Strands?

Answer 24

YES

Question 25

In Figure (8-9) 1 & ___ Have the Same Sequences and so do 2 & ___.

Answer 25

1&3 and 2&4

Question 26

In Figure (8-9) Is the Ratio of Purine to Pyrimidine Equal in Each of 1,2,3,4?

Answer 26

YES

Question 27

DNA Synthesis Occurs in _____________ on Each Strand?

Answer 27

Different Directions

Question 28

As the Replication Fork Moves Along the Original DNA:

Answer 28

The Synthesis of One Strand Follows the Movement of the Replication Fork

Question 29

Do Both of the New Strands Produced Move in the Same Direction as the Replication Fork?

Answer 29

No One Strand Moves in the Opposite Direction away from Replication fork

Question 30

What Form in the Strand that Moves Away from the Replication Fork?

Answer 30

GAPS

Question 31

DNA Ligase is an Enzyme that:

Answer 31

Joins the Gaps on the Strand Back Together

Question 32

What Strand Does DNA Ligase Work on?

Answer 32

Only on the New Strand that Moves Away from the Replication Fork

Question 33

Please Solve All Questions on Page 79

Answer 33

:)

Question 34

Do DNA Replication Usually Occur with Great Accuracy?

Answer 34

YES

Question 35

How Often Does an Error Occur in DNA Replication?

Answer 35

One Error For Every Billion Paired Nucleotides Added.

Question 36

DNA Polymerases have ________ Enzyme.

Answer 36

Repair

Question 37

The Repair Enzyme _________ DNA.

Answer 37

Proofread/Check

Question 38

What Happens If an Adenine Pairs With a Cytosine?

Answer 38

The Repair Enzyme Removes the Cytosine and Replaces it with Thymine

Question 39

Describe the Base Sequence of New DNA When DNA Replication Errors?

Answer 39

The Base Sequence of the New DNA Differs from Base Sequence of Original DNA

Question 40

Can Some Errors Escape Repair In DNA?

Answer 40

YES

Question 41

In Addition what 2 things Can Also Damage DNA?

Answer 41

1.) Chemicals 2.) Ultraviolet Radiation from the Sun

Question 42

In DNA Replication Genetic Info is Passed from:

Answer 42

Cell to Cell for Thousands of Generations

Question 43

Can DNA Replication Explain How Mutations Arise & Lead to Altered Cells & Organisms?

Answer 43

YES

Question 44

Mutation is the Change in:

Answer 44

The Nucleotide Sequence of a DNA Molecule

Question 45

Mutations Can Effect the ____________& Disrupt ______________.

Answer 45

1.) Function of an Important Gene 2.) An Important Cell Function

Question 46

What Can Some Mutations Lead to?

Answer 46

CANCER

Question 47

Mutations that effect Genes that Control How Cells Divides lead to:

Answer 47

An Abnormal Mass of Cells Called a Tumor

Question 48

Is Studying DNA Replication Promising to Understanding & Treating Cancer?

Answer 48

YES

Question 49

Some Mutations Allow:

Answer 49

Individuals to Survive & Reproduce Better (Increasing their Population)