1
Q
With one Ejaculation a Male Releases:
A
Hundreds of Millions of Sperms into Vagina
2
Q
List The Path of Sperm Once Released into Vagina.
A
1.) Vagina 2.) Cervix 3.) Uterus
4.) Fallopian Tube
3
Q
When Sperm is released into Female What structure does it not go in?
A
Ovaries
4
Q
If Ovulation Occurs _____ Hours Before __________, __________ may occur
A
1.) 72 Hours 2.) Ejaculation 3.) Fertilisation
5
Q
If _________ Occurs _______ Hours after Ejaculation, __________ May Occur?
A
1.) Ovulation 2.) 48 Hours 3.) Fertilisation
6
Q
How Long is the Life Span of an Egg in the Fallopian Tube?
A
72 Hours
7
Q
How Long is the Life Span of Sperm in the Fallopian Tube?
A
48 Hours
8
Q
Describe the Egg in the Fallopian Tube?
A
It’s Enclosed in a Jellylike Substance & Surrounded by a layer of Follicle Cells
9
Q
Several _______ may attach to an Egg and attempt to __________________.
A
1.) Sperm
2.) Penetrate it’s Outer Layers
10
Q
What in the Sperm Break Down the Eggs Outer Layers?
A
The Digestive Enzymes in it’s Head
11
Q
What Happens After the Sperm Penetrates the Eggs Outer Layer?
A
Cell Membrane Surrounding the Head of the Sperm Fuses with Egg’s Cell Membrane
12
Q
After Cell Membrane of Sperm and Egg Fuse:
A
The Sperm’s Nucleus & Midpiece Enter Cytoplasm of Egg
13
Q
What Structures of Sperm Don’t Enter Egg?
A
1.) Tail of Sperm 2.) Head of Sperm
14
Q
The Outer Layers of Egg are Called the:
A
Follicle Cells
15
Q
Usually _____ Sperm is Successful in __________ an Egg.
A
1.) One 2.) Penetrating
16
Q
What Changes Occur in the Egg that Prevents Other Sperm from Penetrating Egg?
A
Electrical Changes in Eggs Cell Membrane
17
Q
After _____ Enters an Egg, The Egg Completes _________.
A
1.) Sperm
2.) Meiosis 2
18
Q
After Egg Finishes Meiosis 2:
A
The Sperm’s Nucleus Fuses With Egg’s Nucleus
19
Q
What Forms after Nucleus’s of Sperm & Egg Fuse?
A
Zygote
20
Q
How Many Chromosomes does a Zygote Have?
A
46 (Diploid Number (2n))
21
Q
An Egg has Enough _____________ to survive about _____ Hours?
A
1.) Stored Nutrients 2.) 24 Hours
22
Q
If an Egg has Nutrients to Survive 24 Hours How does it Survive for 72 in Fallopian tube
A
The Jellylike Substances & Follicles around the Egg Provide Nutrients for another 48 Hours
23
Q
Describe What Cleavage is:
A
A Series of Mitotic Divisions that Zygote Begins Immediately after Fertilisation
24
Q
Where is the Process Cleavage Preformed?
A
In the Fallopian Tube
25
How Many Cell Stages is Cleavage?
2 or 4
26
After Cleavage The Resulting Cells Don't:
Increase in Size During these Cell Divisions
27
What is Produced as a Result of Cleavage?
Morula
28
Describe the Structure & Size of Morula?
It's a Ball of Cell Not much Larger than Zygote
29
How do the Cells of Morula Act?
They Divide & Release a Fluid
30
What Forms when Cells of Morula Divide a Release Fluids?
A Blastocyst
31
_________ is a Ball of ____ with a large ___________.
1.) Blastocyst 2.) Cell 3.) Fluid Filled Cavity
32
When Does the Morula Become a Blastocyst?
By the Time it Reaches the Uterus
33
When Blastocyst Attaches to Uterine Lining:
It Releases an Enzyme that Breaks Down Epithelial Tissues that Lines the Uterus
34
How does Blastocyst act in Uterus?
It Attaches to the Thickened Uterine Lining
35
Blastocyst Embeds itself into the _____________
Lining of Uterus
36
What is the Process Called When Blastocyst Burrows & Embeds itself in Uterine Lining?
Implantation
37
Pregnancy Begins at ________, A week after ___________.
1.) Implantation 2.) Fertilisation
38
Describe the Size of the Zygote?
It's Smaller than the Morula
39
Out of the Zygote, Morula & Blastocyst which one isn't developed?
The Zygote
40
Is the Morula or Blastocyst More Developed?
Blastocyst
41
Where are Zygote, Morula & Blastocyst formed?
In the Fallopian Tube
42
Zygote, Morula & Blastocyst are _________ Cells so have _______ Chromosomes?
1.) Diploid (2n) 2.) 46
43
In Which Phase of the Ovarian Cycle are Zygote, Morula & Blastocyst Formed?
Luteal Phase
44
Pregnancy is the _________ period of _______.
1.) 9 Month 2.) Development
45
When does Pregnancy Start?
After Implantation
46
During Pregnancy the Blastocyst:
Slowly Takes on recognisable features of a Human Infant
47
What is Pregnancy divided into?
3 Equal Periods/ 3 Trimesters
48
Name all 3 Trimesters of Pregnancy?
1.) First Trimester
2.) Second Trimester
3.) Third Trimester
49
_________ Changes occur during each ________.
1.) Significant 2.) Trimester
50
In which Trimester do the most Dramatic Changes Occur?
First Trimester
51
When First Trimester Ends:
All Fetus Organ Systems have begun to form
52
In _______ Trimester we can Determine the Gender of Fetus?
First
53
What is Embryo called for?
The Developing Human for the first 8 weeks of Pregnancy
54
Embryo Develops from:
The Mass of Cells on the Inner Surface of the Blastocyst
55
What is Fetus Called for?
The Developing Human from 8 weeks till Birth
56
If Today is the 14th Day of Pregnancy of How many Days ago did Fertilisation occur?
21 Days
57
Assume Today is the 14th day of Fertilisation, What day of Pregnancy is it?
7th Day
58
At First the Inner Mass Cells of Blastocyst:
Look Alike
59
After a While, What Happens to the Inner Mass Cells of Blastocyst?
They Reorganise into 2 then 3 distinct Types
60
What do the Inner Mass Cells of Blastocyst Form after they Reorganise?
The Primary Germ Layers
61
Name the 3 Primary Germ Layers?
Ectoderm, Mesoderm, Endoderm
62
Do Different Parts of the Body Develop from each Primary Germ Layer?
YES
63
What 4 Membranes Aid Embryo Development?
1.) Amnion 2.) Second Membrane
3.) Allantois 4.) Chorion
64
What does the Amnion then form?
Amniotic Sac
65
Describe the Amniotic Sac:
It's a Fluid Filled Sac that Surrounds the Embryo
66
How does the Amniotic Sac Help the Embryo?
It's Fluids Cushions Embryo from Injury & Keep it Moist
67
The 2nd Membrane forms the ______ ____.
Yolk Sac
68
Why is the Yolk Sac an Important Structure?
It's Where the First Blood Cells Originate
69
Where does the Allantois From?
Near the Yolk Sac
70
Blood Vessels that form in ________ _____ originate in _________.
1.) Chronic Villi
2.) Allantois
71
Name the Blood Vessels Which Originate in Allantois?
Fetal Artery & Fetal Vein
72
Chorion Surrounds:
All of the Other Membranes
73
What are Chronic Villi?
Small Fingerlike Projections, that Extend into Uterine Lining
74
What Forms from ONE side of the Chorion?
Chronic Villi
75
When do Allantois form & Disappear?
Form = 9th Day
Disappear = 4th Week
76
What hasn't formed at the 16th day?
Embryo Umbilical Cord
77
What Membrane Forms 1st but also Disappears 1st?
Allantois
78
Why does the Chronic Villi Extend into the Uterine Lining?
To Form the Placenta
79
_______ is a Close-______ Structure
1.) Placenta 2.) Close-Knit
80
What 2 things Form Placenta?
1.) Chronic Villi
2.) A Portion of the Uterine Lining
81
Mother Nourish Embryo through:
Placenta
82
Nutrients,Gases,Pathogens & Drugs pass:
From Mother to Embryo through Placenta
83
If a Mother Consumes Alcohol during Pregnancy what does it lead to:
Birth Defects like Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
84
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome results in ________, __________, & __________ Retardation.
Mental, Behavioural, Physical
85
What Hormone is Secreted by DEVELOPING PLACENTA?
HCG HORMONE
86
When does the Developing Placenta secrete HCG?
Early in the 2nd Week of Fertilisation
87
Which Hormone is only Produced During Pregnancy?
Human Chorionic Gonaditropin (HCG)
88
In Early Stages of Pregnancy HCG:
Stimulates Corpus Luteum to Continue Producing Sex Hormones
89
What is Retained as a Result of HCG Actions
The Uterine Lining & Embryo
90
What Happens if HCG Doesn't Stimulate Corpus Luteum?
Corpus Luteum will Stop Producing Estrogen & Progesterone & Menstruation Will Occur
91
We Could say the HCG Hormone Prevents ___________.
Miscarriage
92
The Target of HCG is ________ _______.
Corpus Luteum
93
As Placenta GROWS it Secretes:
Large Amounts of Estrogen & Progesterone
94
Estorgen & Progesterone Take Over:
Maintenance of Uterine Lining
95
During Pregnancy what Does Production of Estrogen & Progesterone Prevent?
The Release of LH and FSH
96
During Pregnancy ________ ________ continues for 9 Months
Negative Feedback
97
What Attaches Embryo to Placenta?
Umbilical Cord
98
What Structures does the Umbilical Cord Contain & How do they Help?
Arteries & Veins Which Carry Blood Between Embryo & Placenta
99
______ from Mother & Fetus Never Mixes?
Blood
100
_______ and ______ are exchanged by _______ across the Placenta?
1.) Materials 2.) Waste 3.) Diffusion
101
The Placenta Acts as a _________ ________.
Endocrine Gland
102
Which Hormones does the Placenta not Secrete during Early Pregnancy?
Estrogen & Progesterone
103
How many Arteries & Veins are in Umbilical Cord?
2 Arteries & 1 Vein
104
In what Portion of the Placenta do Exchange of Nutrients as Gases Occur?
At the Fetal Portion as Capillaries are There
105
What 2 Things Originated from Allantois and Why?
Fetal Arteries & Veins
(Because they are in the Chronic Villi)
106
What 2 things are Grown by Progesterone and Why?
Maternal Artery & Maternal Vein
(As they are in Uterine Lining)
107
_________ & ______________ became thickened by Estrogen & Progesterone?
1.) Endometrium
2.) Maternal Portion of Placenta
108
Please Draw the Pathway of Blood During Pregnancy (PAGE 150)
109
About _____ weeks after _________ Placenta Begins to Develop?
1.) 2
2.) Fertilisation
110
In the 3rd Weeks of Pregnancy what things form and develop?
Primary Germ Layers Develop & 4 Embryonic Membranes Begin to Form
111
The Heart Begins to Beat at?
21 Days (3rd Week of Pregnancy)
112
When do the Brain,Spinal Cord & Rest of Nervous System Begin to Form?
In the 3rd Weeks of Pregnancy
113
By the END of the 3rd Week the Embryo:
Has Bilateral Symmetry
114
What Completely Forms at the End of 1st Month of Pregnancy?
The 4 Embryonic Membranes
115
By the 5th Week of Pregnancy?
Arms, Legs,Eyes & Ears Begin to Develop
116
When does Brain show Signs of Activity?
At 6th Week of Pregnancy
117
Fingers & Toes form at _________ of Pregnancy?
6th Week
118
Does the Embryo Begin to Move at the 6th or 5th week of Pregnancy?
6th Week
119
At the 6th Week of Pregnancy can the Mother Feel Embryo Moving?
NO
120
Action Potential Starts at:
6th Week of Pregnancy
121
What Appears by 12 Weeks of Pregnancy?
20 Buds for Future Teeth
122
In Which Trimester do all Fetus Organ System Begin to Form?
1st Trimester
123
At the end of 1st Trimester How Long is the Fetus?
5cm
124
During 2nd Trimester the Mothers Uterus:
Enlarges
125
When does the Skeleton Begin to Form?
During 2nd Trimester
126
At what Week do Eyelashes, Eyebrows & Fingernails Form?
By 21st Week
127
By 21st Week the Skin is Covered with:
Fine Hair Called Lanugo which Grows over the Skin
128
During 2nd Trimester the Fetus Begins to _______ & _______.
Wake & Sleep
129
In Which Trimester Does the Pineal Gland Become Active?
2nd Trimester
130
During _____ Trimester the Fetus's Heartbeat can Be Heard?
Second
131
Can the Mother Feel Fetus Move in 2nd Trimester?
YES
132
When Does The Fetus Swallow & Suck it's Thumb?
During 2nd Trimester
133
In 1st Trimester can the Fetus Make a Fist, Kick it's Feet, Curl It's Toes & Hiccup?
No it Starts all of these in 2nd Trimester
134
How Long is the Fetus By the End of 2nd Trimester and How Much does it Weigh?
34cm Long & 900g in Weight
135
In 3rd Trimester the Fetus can See:
Light & Darkness through Mothers Abdominal Wall
136
In Which Trimester do the Rods Activate?
3rd Trimester
137
Can the Fetus react to Loud sound in 3rd Trimester?
YES
138
Organ of Corti is Active in _____ Trimester?
Third
139
When do the Fetus's Bones Harden?
By 8 Months
140
What disappears by 8 Months and What Develops?
Lanugo disappears but Body Fat Develops
141
During last half of 3rd Trimester the Fetus:
Develops Fat Deposits Under it's Skin
142
The Fat Deposits make the Fetus look:
Rounded and Less Wrinkled
143
How do Fat Deposits Insure Fetus can maintain Steady body Temp?
The Insulate the Body
144
Birth Occurs about _____ days or _____ weeks after Fertilisation?
1.) 270 Days 2.) 38 Weeks
145
How many Days & Week does Birth Occur after Pregnancy/Implantation?
263 Days or 37 Weeks After Pregnancy
146
Hormones Produced by Fetus & Mother:
Initiate Childbirth
147
Which 3 Hormones Initiate Childbirth?
1.) Prostaglandin 2.) Estrogen 3.) Oxytocin
148
Prostaglandin is Produced by:
The Fetal Membranes
149
Which 2 Fetal Membranes Produce Prostaglandin?
1.) Chorion 2.) Amnion
150
High Levels of Prostaglandins, Estrogen & Oxytocin Cause:
Smooth Muscle of Uterus to Contract & Muscles in the Cervix & Vagina Relax
151
During Childbirth Which Muscles of Cervix Relax?
Sphincter Muscles
152
How does the Relaxation of Cervix and Vagina Muscles Help with Childbirth?
It Enables them to Enlarge allowing the Fetus to Pass through them.
153
Contractions of the Uterus Push:
Fetus through Cervix,Vagina & the Body
154
Describe the Process of Breaking Water?
It's when Amniotic Sac Breaks as a Result of Uterus Contraction
155
What Happens when Someones Water Breaks?
The Amniotic Fluid Flows out through Vagina
156
What is Labour?
It's the Muscular Contractions & other Events that lead to Childbirth
157
Muscle of ________ contract During Labour.
Uterus
158
Afterbirth is Called for:
Placenta, Amnion & Uterine Lining
159
What Structures are Expelled after the Baby is Born?
Placenta, Amnion(Amniotic Sac) & Uterine Lining
160
What Happens to the Babies Lungs after it is Born?
They Expand for the 1st time as it Begins to Breathe on it's Own
161
What Happens to Umbilical Cord After a Baby is Born?
It's Tied and Cut
162
What things Closes off within 30 Mins of Child Being Born?
Umbilical Arteries & Vein
163
After Birth what do Changes in the Babies Blood Vessels Lead to?
Completion of Cardiopulmonary & Renal Circulation
164
Does the Completion of Cardiopulmonary & Renal Circulation allow baby to function Independently?
YES
165
What 2 Systems also become Functional after a Child is Born?
Respiratory & Excretory System
166
What does After Birth not Include?
Amniotic Fluid, Uterus & Uterine Tube
167
Is the Uterine Lining One Layer of the Uterus?
Yes
168
During Birth Estrogen & Oxytocin is Produced by the _______.
Mother
169
Does Relaxation of Muscles in Vagina & Cervix Effect Breaking Water?
NO
170
Where do the Follicles develop and rupture?
In the Ovaries
(Follicular & Ovulation Phase)
171
Developing & Degeneration of Corpus Luteum Occurs in the _________.
Ovaries (Luteal Phase)
172
In the Ovaries Meiosis ____ Occurs and the ______ Polar body is Produced?
1.) One 2.) First
173
What is the Place Called where Fertilisation occurs and Zygote forms?
Fallopian Tube
174
Do the Early Stages of Zygote Development Occur in Uterus or Fallopian Tube?
Fallopian Tube
175
In Fallopian Tube, ________ Occurs & _________ and ______ Form?.
1.) Cleavage 2.) Morula 3.) Blastocyst
176
Where do the Embryo and Fetus Develop?
In the Uterus
177
Pregnancy Start in the _________.
Uterus
178
Where do Implantation & Menstruation Occur?
In the Uterus
BIO GRADE 12
flashcards
Decks in class (25)
# Cards
-
CH1 SEC 149
-
CH1 SEC2101
-
CH1 SEC374
-
CH2 SEC1185
-
CH2 SEC2123
-
CH2 SEC3128
-
CH3 SEC1109
-
CH3 SEC2166
-
CH3 SEC374
-
CH4 SEC1138
-
CH4 SEC2184
-
CH4 SEC3178
-
CH4 SEC466
-
CH5 SEC1103
-
CH5 SEC2291
-
CH6 SEC1109
-
CH6 SEC2196
-
CH6 SEC3178
-
CH7 SEC1147
-
CH7 SEC2114
-
CH8 SEC151
-
CH8 SEC265
-
CH8 SEC349
-
CH8 SEC4 (کۆتایی)158
-
ناکرێ بهێڵی شکستەکانت پێناسەت بکەن دەبێ بهێڵی شکستەکانت فێرتبکەن0
