1
Q
What is the function of the respiratory system?
A
It exchanges gases with the cardiovascular system.
2
Q
Specifically which part of the cardiovascular system does the respiratory system exchange gases with?
A
In the Capillary
3
Q
What Role does blood play in the respiratory system?
A
Blood Transports oxygen from lungs to cells and carries carbon dioxide from cells to lungs.
4
Q
What 2 things does the Respiratory system include?
A
External Respiration
&
Internal Respiration
5
Q
During External Respiration where are gases exchanged between?
A
Gases are exchanged between the atmosphere and the blood of the lungs.
6
Q
What is Internal Respiration?
A
It’s the Exchange of Gases between Blood surrounding Body Cells and Body Cells
7
Q
___________ Respiration occurs in pulmonary circulation.
A
External
8
Q
__________ Respiration occurs in systemic circulation.
A
Internal
9
Q
What are the 2 type of respiration called in our body that both produce CO2?
A
Aerobic Respiration
&
Anaerobic Respiration
10
Q
Where do both Aerobic and Anaerobic respiration take place?
A
Inside of the body cells.
11
Q
What happens during Aerobic respiration?
A
Your body cells use Oxygen to break down glucose and make ATP.
12
Q
What is the Waste product of aerobic respiration and how is it removed from the cells?
A
Excess CO2 is produced which is toxic to cells. It’s removed from cells by INTERNAL respiration.
13
Q
How is the Waste product of Aerobic respiration removed from the body?
A
BY EXTERNAL respiration
14
Q
Write me the formula for Aerobic respiration.
A
Glucose + O2 —-> ATP + CO2
15
Q
How is Anaerobic respiration different from Aerobic respiration?
A
In Anaerobic respiration your body cells break down the glucose Without using Oxygen.
16
Q
What is produced as a waste product of Anaerobic respiration?
A
LACTIC ACID
17
Q
Can CO2 be produced during anaerobic respiration?
A
NO
18
Q
Is the ATP produced by Anaerobic respiration enough for the body to survive?
A
NO
19
Q
Write me the formula for Anaerobic respiration.
A
Glucose —-> Lactic acid + Small amount ATP
20
Q
What is Anaerobic respiration an example for?
A
Oxygen debt which causes muscle fatigue.
21
Q
What are the lungs the site of?
A
They are the site of gas exchange between the atmosphere and the blood.
22
Q
Are the lungs part of external or internal respiration?
A
EXTERNAL RESPIRATION
23
Q
Where are the lungs located?
A
Inside the thoracic cavity and they are bounded by the Rib Cage and Diaphragm
24
Q
How many divisions or lobes does the right lung have?
A
3
25
How many divisions or lobes does the left lung have?
2
26
Is the left or right lung heavier?
Right
27
What is Pleura?
It's a double membrane that lines the entire thoracic cavity and covers the lungs.
28
What does Pleura secrete?
A slippery fluid that decreases friction from the movement of the lungs during breathing.
29
In which places does external respiration begin?
At the mouth and at the nose
30
What happen when air first enters your body?
The Air Filters through the Small hairs of the Nose and passes into both Nasal Cavities.
31
Where is the nasal cavity located?
Above the roof of the mouth.
32
What happens to the air in the nasal cavities?
the Mucous Membranes Warm and Moisten the Air.
33
Where does the Moistened Air Go After the Nasal Cavities?
It goes into the THROAT.
34
What is your throat also called?
Pharynx
35
Where is your Pharynx located?
It's a tube located at the back of the nasal cavities and mouth
36
The Pharynx contains ___________ for both _______ and _______.
1.) passage ways
2.) food
3.) Air
37
What happens in your throat when food is swallowed?
A flap of cartilage called Epiglottis presses down and covers the opening to the air passage.
38
What does the cartilage tissue Epiglottis prevent?
Food from entering the trachea
39
What is the place called where sounds are produced and where is it located.
It's called Larynx and it's located at the Upper End of the Trachea.
40
What can Larynx also be called?
Voicebox
41
Are sounds produced by exhalation or inhalation?
Exhalation
42
How is sound produced is the larynx?
When air is forced past two ligaments (vocal cords)that stretch across larynx.
43
The pitch and volume of sounds produced vary with:
1.)The amount of tension on vocal cords.
2.) Amount of air being forced past vocal cords.
44
________ is a **cartilaginous tissue** that is about __ to __ long.
1.) Trachea
2.) 10 cm
3.) 12 cm
45
What are the walls of Trachea lined with and how do they help?
They are lined with ciliated cells that clean inhaled particles.
46
In the trachea where do the cilia sweep the particles and mucus away from and towards.
They sweep particles and mucus away from the lungs and towards the throat.
47
What are the branches of Trachea called?
Bronchi
48
How many tubes are bronchi and where do the tubes lead to?
They are 2 tubes each of which lead to the a lung.
49
What do the walls of bronchi consist of?
Smooth muscle and cartilage and they are lined with cilia and mucus.
50
What happens to the bronchi within the lungs?
They branch into smaller and smaller tubes.
51
What are the smallest tubes of bronchi called within the lungs?
Bronchioles
52
How do bronchioles differ from bronchi?
Their **walls are also lined cilia and mucus and they also contain smooth muscle**. **BUT THEY DON'T HAVE CARTILAGE**
53
What are found at the end of each bronchioles?
Clusters of tiny air sacs called Alveoli.
54
What is the functional unit of the respiratory system?
Alveoli
55
A network of __________ surrounds each ________.
1.)Capillaries
2.) Alveolus
56
Where do all exchange of gases in the lungs occur?
In the Alveoli
57
How do lungs help with gas exchange?
The provide an Enormous Surface Area
58
How much alveoli are found in two healthy lungs?
Nearly 300 million
59
What is the surface Area of the lungs?
**70 meters squared** ( 40 times the surface area of the skin)
60
Mucus membrane (cilia and mucous are found in):
1.) Nasal cavities
2.) Trachea
3.) Bronchi
4.) Bronchioles
61
**Connective Tissue** is In:
(The Big Elephant Laughs)
1.) Epiglottis
2.) Larynx
3.) Trachea
4.) Bronchi
62
Cartilage is in:
(The Big Elephant)
1.)Epiglottis
2.)Trachea
3.)Bronchi
63
Smooth muscle is in:
1.)Bronchi
2.)Bronchioles
64
The tubes involved in Inhalation/exhalation are:
1.) Throat
2.) Trachea
3.) Bronchi
4.) Bronchioles
65
List the path of air during Inhalation:
1.) Mouth or Nose into nasal cavities
2.) Throat (Pharynx)
3.) Larynx (Voice box)
4.) Trachea
5.) Bronchi
6.) Bronchioles
7.) Alveoli
66
List the path of air during exhalation?
The opposite of inhalation.
67
How are O2 and CO2 transported
O2 moves into the bloodstream to be transported throughout the body.
CO2 moves into the alveoli to be eliminated
68
Air moving into the Alveoli is rich in ________ and contains little ______.
1.)Oxygen
2.)Carbon dioxide
69
Blood in capillaries surrounding _______ is low on ______ and rich in _______.
1.) Alveoli
2.) Oxygen
3.) Carbon dioxide
70
From which concentrations do substances diffuse from and to?
From High concentration to Low concentration.
71
Where does oxygen diffuse from and to in the LUNGS.
From the Alveoli into the Blood
72
Where does carbon dioxide diffuse from and to in the LUNGS.
From the Blood into Alveoli
73
During diffusion does O2 depend on the concentration of CO2
NO it only depends on the concentration of itslef.
74
What happens to 2% to 5% of the oxygen that diffuses into the blood.
It dissolves in the Plasma
75
What happens to the majority of oxygen when it diffuses into the blood?
They move into the RBCs where it Combines with Hemoglobin.
76
What do oxygen and hemoglobin form in the RBCs?
Oxyhemoglobin.(HbO8)
Hb + 4O2 ----> HbO8
77
What is hemoglobin?
It's an iron containing protein.
78
What do each hemoglobin molecule contain?
4 Iron Atoms
79
In hemoglobin what can each Iron molecule bind to?
Each one can Bind to One Oxygen molecule
80
To form oxyhemoglobin how many oxygen molecules need to bind to a hemoglobin molecule?
4
81
What happens when the oxyhemoglobin(oxygenated) blood reaches the cells?
Oxygen is released from the hemoglobin and diffuses out of capillaries and into the the body cells.
82
Why does Carbon dioxide diffuse out of the cells and into the blood?
Because the concentration of carbon dioxide is greater inside the cells then in the blood.
82
After blood is oxygenated and combines with hemoglobin is the concentration of blood higher in the cells or the blood?
There will be a higher concentration of oxygen in the blood
83
When Carbon dioxide enters the blood what percentage of it binds to hemoglobin?
23%
84
When Carbon dioxide enters the blood what happens to 7% of it?
It dissolves in the plasma
85
What happens to 70% of the carbon dioxide that enters the blood?
It gets carried in the blood as bicarbonate
HCO3
86
When carbon dioxide diffuses into the blood what part of the blood carries majority of it as HCO3?
The Plasma
87
In total what percentage of carbon dioxide is in the plasma of the blood when it diffuses into the blood?
77%
88
How is carbonic acid (H2CO3 ) formed in the plasma of the blood?
In the plasma it forms through the reaction between carbon dioxide and water
89
What happens to the carbonic acid(H2CO3) after it's formed?
It disassociates into bicarbonate ions (HCO3)
90
Write me out the equation of how carbonic acid is formed and how it disassociates?
91
What do most of the CO2 travel in the blood as?
Bicarbonate ions (HCO3)
92
What happens to the bicarbonate ions when the blood reaches the lungs?
They combine with Hydrogen to form carbonic acid (H2CO3)
93
What happens to the carbonic acid this time when it's formed in the lungs?
It forms carbon dioxide and water
94
The _____ ______ diffuses out of _______ into ______ and is exhaled into the atmosphere.
1.)Carbon dioxide
2.) Capillaries
3.) Alevoli
95
What is breathing?
It's the process of moving air in and out of the lungs.
96
What are the 2 mechanisms of breathing?
Inspiration
&
Expiration
97
What is Inspiration?
it's the process of taking air into the lungs.
98
Does the chest expand in inspiration or expiration?
It expands in Inspiration
99
What causes your ribs to expand in inspiration?
Your Rib muscles contract to move the ribs up and outwards
100
What does your diaphragm muscle do when your rib muscles contract?
They also contract and flatten and push down on the abdomen.
101
During inspiration the ________ of lungs increase which **reduces** _____ pressure?
1.) Volume
2.) Reduces
3.) Air
102
When is the air pressure of the lungs lower than the outside?
During Inspiration
103
In inspiration what is the result of the low air pressure in the lungs?
It causes Air from the atmosphere to move into the Lungs.
104
What process includes the releasing of air from the lungs?
Expiration
105
What happens to the rib muscles and diaphragm during expiration and does the volume of the long increase or decrease?
The Diaphragm and rib muscles relax causing the volume of the lung to decrease?
106
What happens to the air pressure as the volume of the lungs decreases?
The air pressure increases and becomes greater then the pressure outside the body.
107
What does the pressure difference in expiration cause?
It forces air out of the lungs until the pressures are equal again.
108
Are the diaphragm and the rib muscles antagonistic?
NO
109
What controls the movement of the thoracic cavity during breathing?
The diaphragm and the rib muscles
110
What does the rate of Oxygen usage depend on?
The activity of the cells
111
At what time is more oxygen needed?
During great activity as your body needs to breathe faster.
112
When does your body breathe slowly?
During slow activites
113
Why do the rate and depth of breathing change?
In order to provide Oxygen and Eliminate Carbon dioxide?
114
How is the rate of breathing controlled?
By the brain and brain stem.
115
How do the brain and brain stem control the rate of breathing?
They monitor the concentration of Carbon dioxide in the blood?
116
Which part of the Brain Stem specifically controls the rate of breathing?
The medulla oblongata
117
To control breathing rate where else do your brain stem and brain monitor the rate of carbon dioxide
ONLY IN YOUR BLOOD?
118
Does your brain and brain stem monitor the concentration of oxygen to control breathing rate?
No only carbon dioxide
119
When activity increases does the concentration of oxygen or carbon dioxide increase?
Carbon dioxide increases.
120
As activity increases what does the increased concentration of carbon dioxide cause?
It stimulates the nerve cells in the brain.
121
As activity increases what does the brain stem in turn stimulate to increase the breathing rate and depth?
YOUR DIAPHRAGM
(NOT YOUR RIB MUSCLES)
122
What happens as body activity decreases?
Carbon dioxide levels decrease and sensors in the brain send a message to respiratory muscles to return to a slower breathing rate.
123
Does your brain or brain stem stimulate your respiratory muscles to return to a slower a breathing rate?
ONLY YOUR BRAIN
124
When activity decreases or increases are the actions of the body controlled consciously by control centers of the brain?
NO
They are controlled subconsciously by the control centers of the brain.
125
Can a person override the respiratory control system?
YES
126
How can a person override their respiratory control system?
By holding their breath until they loose consciousness.
127
What happens when a person looses consciousness by holding their breath?
The brain stem takes control and normal breathing rate resumes.
(This mechanism allows you to swim underwater for short periods and sleep with concern of breathing)
BIO GRADE 12
flashcards
Decks in class (25)
# Cards
-
CH1 SEC 149
-
CH1 SEC2101
-
CH1 SEC374
-
CH2 SEC1185
-
CH2 SEC2123
-
CH2 SEC3128
-
CH3 SEC1109
-
CH3 SEC2166
-
CH3 SEC374
-
CH4 SEC1138
-
CH4 SEC2184
-
CH4 SEC3178
-
CH4 SEC466
-
CH5 SEC1103
-
CH5 SEC2291
-
CH6 SEC1109
-
CH6 SEC2196
-
CH6 SEC3178
-
CH7 SEC1147
-
CH7 SEC2114
-
CH8 SEC151
-
CH8 SEC265
-
CH8 SEC349
-
CH8 SEC4 (کۆتایی)158
-
ناکرێ بهێڵی شکستەکانت پێناسەت بکەن دەبێ بهێڵی شکستەکانت فێرتبکەن0
