Chapter 16

Question 1

What is technology?

Answer 1

The application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry (Oxford Dictionary).

Question 2

How does technology influence work?

Answer 2

It changes how people perform tasks and affects efficiency and effectiveness of HR activities.

Question 3

Main technological revolutions

Answer 3

Industrial, Second Industrial, Scientific-technical, and Information revolutions.

Question 4

Key benefit of technology

Answer 4

Lowers cost of production, communication, and information search while improving quality and opportunities.

Question 5

Example of technology reducing costs

Answer 5

Machines reduced production cost, railroads reduced transport cost, computers reduced computation cost, Google reduced search cost, AI reduced prediction cost.

Question 6

How does technology change HRM?

Answer 6

Changes people’s roles, requiring new skills and motivation for new responsibilities.

Question 7

Major modern workplace changes

Answer 7

Automation, AI, telecommuting, gig economy, big data, and cloud computing.

Question 8

Positive outcomes of AI usage

Answer 8

Increases efficiency, engagement, creativity, feedback quality, and decision-making.

Question 9

Negative outcomes of AI usage

Answer 9

Reduced authenticity, fairness, and trust; role ambiguity; insecurity; replacement of human labor.

Question 10

Other negative AI impacts

Answer 10

Manipulates human conversation, collusive behavior, bias, and groupthink.

Question 11

Individual differences moderating AI effects

Answer 11

Skill level, conscientiousness, and core self-evaluation influence outcomes.

Question 12

True or False: High conscientiousness can cause AI misfit due to role overlap.

Answer 12

✅ True

Question 13

Contextual moderators of AI outcomes

Answer 13

Human ownership, expertise, task complexity, and organizational characteristics.

Question 14

How can automation benefit people?

Answer 14

Amplifies cognition, frees time for higher-level tasks, extends physical abilities.

Question 15

True or False: AI only reduces cost and doesn’t change roles.

Answer 15

❌ False

Question 16

True or False: Employers should promote human-machine collaboration.

Answer 16

✅ True

Question 17

How does automation affect skill development?

Answer 17

Requires employees to upskill/reskill to work with machines through training, partnerships, and learning.

Question 18

True or False: AI leads to static jobs where no new skills are needed.

Answer 18

❌ False

Question 19

True or False: AI adoption requires upskilling/reskilling employees.

Answer 19

✅ True

Question 20

True or False: Technology can change human employee roles.

Answer 20

✅ True

Question 21

True or False: Technology changes may require new skills.

Answer 21

✅ True

Question 22

True or False: AI replaces all traditional jobs.

Answer 22

❌ False

Question 23

True or False: AI always increases unemployment.

Answer 23

❌ False

Question 24

True or False: Employers should disregard employee needs for AI use.

Answer 24

❌ False

Question 25

True or False: Companies should maintain status quo and avoid changes.

Answer 25

❌ False

Question 26

Automation vs. Augmentation

Answer 26

AI augments rather than replaces humans, focusing on human-machine synergy.

Question 27

How should employers motivate AI use?

Answer 27

Use self-determination theory: competence, autonomy, and relatedness.

Question 28

True or False: Employers should foster competence, autonomy, and relatedness for motivation.

Answer 28

✅ True

Question 29

True or False: Automation removes the need for humans entirely.

Answer 29

❌ False

Question 30

True or False: Employers should rely only on AI for motivation and engagement.

Answer 30

❌ False

Question 31

Remote work definition

Answer 31

Telecommuting and virtual collaboration connecting anyone, anytime, anywhere.

Question 32

Employer pros of telecommuting

Answer 32

Flexibility, larger talent pool, reduced costs, improved morale, fewer injuries.

Question 33

Employer cons of telecommuting

Answer 33

Supervision difficulty, reduced face-to-face contact, data security concerns.

Question 34

Employee pros of telecommuting

Answer 34

Better quality of life, flexible scheduling/location, lower costs, higher satisfaction, comfort.

Question 35

Employee cons of telecommuting

Answer 35

Career hindrance, isolation, distractions, reduced space, blurred work-home boundaries.

Question 36

True or False: Remote work can blur boundaries between work and home.

Answer 36

✅ True

Question 37

Motivating telecommuters

Answer 37

Clear procedures, routines, communication, and detachment after work hours.

Question 38

True or False: Automation removes the need for clear communication and structure.

Answer 38

❌ False