Chapter 3

Question 1

List the self report measures

Answer 1

fixed response, open ended, forced choice, omnibus or global approach

Question 2

What are qualities of good measurement in social science?

Answer 2

validity (measures what we want to measure)
reliability (consistently measures what we want to measure)
minimally invasive
cost-effective

Question 3

What are three aspects of couple research?

Answer 3

measurement, study design, sampling

Question 4

What are other, not self reported measurement methods?

Answer 4

Observational, indirect measures such as reaction time, physiological measures (multi determined, which is a challenge)

Question 5

What are the different research design?

Answer 5

correlational/cross-sectional, longitudinal, experimental, archival

Question 6

Explain correlational/cross-sectional research

Answer 6

assesses several variables on a single occasion

pros: can describe naturally occurring associations among variables
cons: cannot support causal statements

Question 7

Explain longitudinal research

Answer 7

assesses variables on more than one occasion

pros: can describe change over time and predict outcomes
cons: cannot support causal statements; attrition bias

Question 8

Explain experimental research

Answer 8

evaluates the effects of an independent variable on a dependent variable in a controlled setting

pros: can support causal statements
cons: results may not generalize outside the experimental situation

Question 9

Explain archival research

Answer 9

reanalyzes exsiting data originally gathered for another purpose

pros: cost-effective and can provide historical perspective
cons: conclusions are limited by the quality of the original data

Question 10

List different ways to choose participants

Answer 10

sample, representative sample, convenience sample

Question 11

Explain sample

Answer 11

participants in a study who are thought to represent a broader population

Question 12

Explain representative sample

Answer 12

people who represent the population to which one would like to generalize

Question 13

Explain convenience sample

Answer 13

people who participate because they are easy researchers to recruit (university students)

Question 14

Which research approach can support causal statements?

Answer 14

experimental

Question 15

What is attrition bias?

Answer 15

a systematic error in a study that occurs when participants who drop out have characteristics different from those who remain, leading to skewed results