Relias notes 10

Question 2

Shaping is reinforcing ________________ of a terminal behavior.

Answer 2

SUCCESSIVE

This involves gradually guiding the learner towards the desired behavior.

Question 3

Shaping requires the behavior to be taught in small ________________ called successive approximations.

Answer 3

STEPS

Each step is a gradual change that leads to the terminal behavior.

Question 4

Shaping does not require a list of different behaviors, just a list of ________________ of the behavior.

Answer 4

APPROXIMATIONS

These approximations help in guiding the learner towards the final goal.

Question 5

The terminal behavior is the behavior you want the client to ________________.

Answer 5

LEARN

Terminal behaviors represent the final goal of the shaping process.

Question 6

Terminal behaviors should be: ________________, observable, measurable, and achievable.

Answer 6

CLEARLY DEFINED

This ensures that the goals are specific and attainable for the learner.

Question 7

Successive approximations of a ________________ are the small steps that move closer to the terminal behavior.

Answer 7

BEHAVIOR

These steps help in gradually achieving the desired outcome.

Question 8

Differential ________________ means you reinforce only the behaviors that meet your current goal.

Answer 8

REINFORCEMENT

This approach helps learners understand that only improved behaviors receive reinforcement.

Question 9

Before shaping begins, it’s important to know what the learner can already ________________.

Answer 9

DO

This is referred to as the baseline and helps in determining the starting point.

Question 10

Move to the next step when the ________________ reflects that the current step is being performed consistently.

Answer 10

DATA

Data helps in assessing the learner’s progress before advancing.

Question 11

List the seven steps to shaping behavior.

Answer 11

• Define the terminal behavior
• Identify the baseline
• Break the behavior into approximations or small steps
• Reinforce the first approximation
• Introduce the next approximation
• Reinforce the current approximation
• Continue until the terminal behavior is reached

These steps provide a structured approach to shaping behavior.

Question 12

List the four criteria that terminal behaviors need to meet.

Answer 12

• Clearly defined
• Observable
• Measurable
• Achievable

These criteria ensure that the terminal behaviors are practical and assessable.

Question 13

A baseline behavior is the closest approximation to the ____________ behavior that the learner already does.

Answer 13

TERMINAL

This approximation is performed without prompts or reinforcement.

Question 14

List the four steps for identifying the baseline.

Answer 14

• Clearly define the terminal behavior.
• Observe the client engaging in any behavior related to the terminal behavior.
• Collect data on the behavior.
• Choose the closest approximation of the behavior that happens consistently.

These steps help in accurately assessing the learner’s starting point.

Question 15

To break a behavior into ________________ approximations, you must identify small steps toward the goal.

Answer 15

SUCCESSIVE

Each step should be closer to the terminal behavior than the last.

Question 16

To reinforce the first ________________ in a shaping program, begin by identifying a behavior that is slightly above the learner’s baseline level.

Answer 16

APPROXIMATION

This behavior should be observable and achievable.

Question 17

If the learner’s ________________ is far from the goal, expecting too much too soon can lead to frustration.

Answer 17

BASELINE

It’s important to set realistic expectations to avoid problem behavior.

Question 18

Once the learner is consistently performing the ________________ approximation, it’s time to gradually increase the difficulty.

Answer 18

FIRST

This ensures that the learner is ready for the next challenge.

Question 19

As you move through the shaping process, it is essential to apply ________________ reinforcement correctly.

Answer 19

DIFFERENTIAL

This helps in maintaining focus on the current approximation.

Question 20

At each stage, ensure that the learner is responding consistently to the ________________ approximation.

Answer 20

CURRENT

Consistency is key to determining when to move forward.

Question 21

While shaping focuses on reinforcing gradual improvements in behavior, ________________ can still play a helpful role.

Answer 21

PROMPTS

Prompts can assist in teaching new skills, especially in early stages.

Question 22

Advancing to the next step in the shaping plan before the learner has ________________ the current one can lead to confusion.

Answer 22

MASTERED

Mastery is crucial to ensure the learner is ready for the next challenge.

Question 23

Sometimes, reinforcement is accidentally delivered for behaviors that are not part of the current approximation, which can slow or ________________ progress.

Answer 23

REVERSE

This can hinder the shaping process and lead to confusion.

Question 24

When reinforcement is withheld, some learners may engage in ________________ bursts.

Answer 24

EXTINCTION

This is a temporary increase in challenging behavior when a previously reinforced response no longer works.

Question 25

Without ________________, it’s difficult to know when to move forward or make adjustments.

Answer 25

DATA ## Footnote Data is essential for tracking progress and ensuring effective communication.