Relias notes 15

Question 2

Listener responding means responding verbally and nonverbally to the verbal _______ of others.

Answer 2

STIMULI

This skill is essential for effective communication and interaction.

Question 3

List four early listener responding skills.

Answer 3

• MOTOR IMITATION
• VERBAL IMITATION
• MATCH TO SAMPLE
• SCANNING

These skills help build foundational communication abilities.

Question 4

What does motor imitation help learners build?

Answer 4

joint attention skills

It prepares them to imitate sounds and words.

Question 5

What is verbal imitation?

Answer 5

Repeating sounds made by another

Important for building expressive and receptive language skills.

Question 6

What does match to sample involve?

Answer 6

Placing an item or picture with its identical match

Helps build the learner’s ability to observe and compare items.

Question 7

What is the purpose of scanning in listener responding?

Answer 7

To respond correctly to a discriminative stimulus (Sd)

It ensures the learner attends to all available options.

Question 8

Clients need to attend to a speaker’s voice so they can _______ and act upon what the speaker is saying.

Answer 8

UNDERSTAND

This skill is demonstrated by looking in the direction of the speaker.

Question 9

What is a beginning receptive language skill?

Answer 9

Responding to one’s name

Many children with autism struggle with this skill.

Question 10

What are auditory-visual discrimination skills?

Answer 10

Selecting familiar people or items from complex arrays

This skill is crucial for receptive language development.

Question 11

What are intermediate receptive language skills built upon?

Answer 11

• EARLY LEARNING
• BEGINNING language skills

Learners can select items from messy arrays of six or more.

Question 12

At the advanced level, learners must have a total listener repertoire of at least _______ nouns, verbs, adverbs, adjectives, prepositions, and pronouns.

Answer 12

1,200

This includes selecting items based on multiple criteria.

Question 13

True or false: Both pronouns and prepositions can be difficult for learners with autism because they involve more _______ concepts.

Answer 13

ABSTRACT

Examples include using prepositions in sentences like ‘Put the ball behind the cup.’

Question 14

What are discrete trials used for in listener responding?

Answer 14

To teach listener responding initially

Errorless learning is often used in this approach.

Question 15

What is verbal behavior?

Answer 15

Any type of communication that gets a RESPONSE from another person

It encompasses various forms of communication.

Question 16

List the six verbal operants.

Answer 16

• MANDS
• TACTS
• ECHOICS
• INTRAVERBAL
• TEXTUAL
• TRANSCRIPTION

These operants define different types of verbal communication.

Question 17

Mands are a type of verbal _______ where a person asks for something they want or need.

Answer 17

OPERANT

They are linked to a learner’s needs and wants.

Question 18

Teaching mands helps reduce problem behaviors and _______ functional communication.

Answer 18

INCREASE

This is crucial for effective communication.

Question 19

Tacts are used to _______ or describe things in the environment.

Answer 19

LABEL

They help learners share their experiences.

Question 20

In echoic behavior, the sound or word is _______ exactly or almost exactly after hearing it.

Answer 20

REPEATED

This helps improve pronunciation and speech clarity.

Question 21

Intraverbals are a type of verbal operant where a person _______ to what someone else says.

Answer 21

RESPONDS

These responses are controlled by language.

Question 22

Textual operants involve _______ written words out loud.

Answer 22

READING

The response is controlled by the written word.

Question 23

Transcriptive operants involve _______ or spelling words when hearing them spoken.

Answer 23

WRITING

This skill is essential for literacy development.

Question 24

What is the first type of verbal operant addressed in many ABA interventions?

Answer 24

MANDS

They are the most efficient way of obtaining reinforcement.

Question 25

Teaching mands using a _______ approach may be the first way that mand training is introduced.

Answer 25

NATURALISTIC ## Footnote This approach is beneficial for clients with limited structured intervention experience.

Question 26

Transfer trials are used after _______ trials to help the learner respond on their own.

Answer 26

PROMPTED ## Footnote The goal is to encourage independent responses.

Question 27

What is **scrolling** in the context of manding?

Answer 27

Saying several mands quickly to get one specific item ## Footnote This behavior can be corrected by prompting the correct mand.

Question 28

Research shows that using multiple-word mands helps learners with autism _______ more clearly.

Answer 28

COMMUNICATE ## Footnote Starting with short phrases is recommended.

Question 29

Before tact training can begin, the learner must be able to _______ what they hear.

Answer 29

REPEAT ## Footnote If they cannot, echoic training should occur first.

Question 30

Echoic training involves direct reinforcement for echoic behavior. The steps include modeling the sound and providing a _______.

Answer 30

REINFORCER ## Footnote This encourages the learner to repeat the target sound.

Question 31

What does **echoic intervention** assist clients in effectively using?

Answer 31

* Mands * Tacts * Other sophisticated language forms ## Footnote Echoic training involves direct reinforcement for echoic behavior.

Question 32

Fill in the blank: **Echoic training** usually follows this format: Sd: 'Ball', Response: '______', Consequence: The client receives a reinforcer.

Answer 32

Ball ## Footnote The consequence may or may not be related to the echoic prompt.

Question 33

What are the steps to **echoic training**?

Answer 33

* RBT models the sound * Learner repeats the sound or an approximation * Reinforcement is given after the third trial if not repeated ## Footnote Direct reinforcement is crucial for echoic behavior.

Question 34

To learn **intraverbals**, a person should already know how to ______ and understand more advanced language.

Answer 34

TACT ## Footnote The learner must respond based on what was said, not by copying.

Question 35

What is the goal when teaching **intraverbals**?

Answer 35

For the learner to respond based on the question ## Footnote This involves fading echoic prompts quickly.

Question 36

When teaching **intraverbals**, what should be done after the learner can go through two or three exchanges correctly?

Answer 36

Delay reinforcement ## Footnote This helps make the conversation feel more natural.

Question 37

Targets for teaching **intraverbals** are usually taken from what the client can ______, label, or what they can ______.

Answer 37

* TACT * ECHO ## Footnote Use familiar songs, rhymes, and activities to increase complexity.

Question 38

What are **intraverbal fill-ins**?

Answer 38

Starting a sentence and having the learner complete it ## Footnote Examples include songs or dialogue from shows.

Question 39

Once a learner can identify and label items, **FFC**s are taught to learn ______ between the words.

Answer 39

CONNECTIONS ## Footnote FFC stands for Function, Feature, and Category.

Question 40

When teaching **intraverbals** that address recalling past events, start with events that occur ______ to the time of intervention.

Answer 40

CLOSER ## Footnote Gradually expand to events that occurred further back in time.

Question 41

True or false: Many learners produce **rote responses** to verbal cues in their environment.

Answer 41

TRUE ## Footnote Prevention and intervention to avoid rote responding must be addressed.

Question 42

What does **listener responding** mean?

Answer 42

Responding verbally and nonverbally to the verbal stimuli of others ## Footnote Clients need to attend to a speaker’s voice to understand.

Question 43

List four early **listener responding skills**.

Answer 43

* Motor imitation * Verbal imitation * Match to sample * Scanning ## Footnote These skills are foundational for language development.

Question 44

What are the **six verbal operants**?

Answer 44

* Mands * Tacts * Echoics * Intraverbal * Textual * Transcription ## Footnote These operants define different types of verbal behavior.

Question 45

What type of verbal operant is a **mand**?

Answer 45

Asking for something they want or need ## Footnote Teaching mands helps reduce problem behaviors.

Question 46

What is a **tact**?

Answer 46

A type of verbal operant used to label or describe things ## Footnote Teaching tacts helps learners share experiences.

Question 47

What is the first verbal operant often addressed in many ABA interventions?

Answer 47

Mands ## Footnote They are the most efficient way of obtaining reinforcement.

Question 48

Before **tact training** can begin, what must the learner be able to do?

Answer 48

Repeat what they hear or select pictures/symbols ## Footnote If not, echoic training should happen first.