Reload notes 5

Question 2

What are the key factors that make reinforcement effective?

Answer 2

• Immediacy
• Consistency
• Value of the reinforcer
• Contingency
• Magnitude of reinforcement
• Variety of reinforcers
• Individualization

These factors help establish a clear connection between behavior and reinforcement.

Question 3

An umbrella term that describes a variable that could increase or decrease a reinforcer’s effectiveness is called a __________.

Answer 3

MOTIVATING OPERATION

Examples include thirst increasing the value of a drink or hunger increasing the value of food.

Question 4

A variable that makes a reinforcer more effective is called an __________.

Answer 4

ESTABLISHING OPERATION

For example, if you haven’t eaten for hours, food becomes more valuable.

Question 5

An __________ is a variable that makes a reinforcer less effective.

Answer 5

ABOLISHING OPERATION

For instance, receiving a snack right after lunch decreases its value.

Question 6

What are two factors that impact motivating operations?

Answer 6

• Deprivation
• Satiation

Deprivation occurs when access to an item is limited, while satiation occurs when access is frequent.

Question 7

__________ occurs when the individual has not had frequent access to an item.

Answer 7

DEPRIVATION

This increases the individual’s interest in accessing the item.

Question 8

__________ is when someone has had access to an item frequently and often.

Answer 8

SATIATION

This decreases motivation to engage with the item.

Question 9

The MATCHING LAW refers to what?

Answer 9

The behavior that is likely to be displayed by the individual matches the amount of reinforcement available for that behavior

Individuals engage in behaviors that provide the most reinforcement for the least effort.

Question 10

A CONTINUOUS (CRF) schedule of reinforcement is one in which reinforcement is provided after __________.

Answer 10

every response

This schedule is effective for learning new behaviors.

Question 11

Reinforcement after a set number of responses is best described as a __________ schedule.

Answer 11

FIXED RATIO

Example: Completing four discrete trials to earn a reward.

Question 12

A person taking medication every 6 hours is an example of a __________ schedule.

Answer 12

FIXED INTERVAL

Reinforcement is delivered after a certain amount of time has passed.

Question 13

A __________ schedule best describes providing reinforcement after a varying number of responses.

Answer 13

VARIABLE RATIO

Example: Slot machines provide payouts after an unpredictable number of lever pulls.

Question 14

A pop quiz that is given randomly, on average, every 2 weeks is an example of a __________ schedule.

Answer 14

VARIABLE INTERVAL

Reinforcement is delivered after a behavior for an average length of time.

Question 15

If a learner can answer questions about their preferences, you can complete an __________.

Answer 15

INFORMATIONAL INTERVIEW

This is useful when the client can articulate their likes.

Question 16

The __________ is a type of interview where the caregiver answers questions about preferences.

Answer 16

CAREGIVER INTERVIEW

This is beneficial when the individual cannot answer questions themselves.

Question 17

What are the two types of preference assessments that involve a field of items?

Answer 17

• MULTIPLE STIMULUS WITH ASSESSMENT (MSW)
• MULTIPLE STIMULUS W/OUT ASSESSMENT (MSWO)

The main difference is whether the selected item is replaced in the array.

Question 18

In a __________ assessment, two items are placed in front of an individual to select their preferred item.

Answer 18

PAIRED STIMULUS

This method is beneficial for individuals who can choose between two items.

Question 19

SINGLE STIMULUS preference assessments are also known as __________.

Answer 19

successive choice

This method is used for clients who cannot choose from two items.

Question 20

Key consideration for preference assessments is ensuring the individual has __________ with the items included.

Answer 20

experience

This ensures the individual knows how to engage with the items.