Relias notes 12

Question 2

When clients are introduced to a new skill, they need _______ and _______ so they can learn how to do it.

Answer 2

PROMPTS
SUPPORTS

The goal is for them to eventually do it with no help, which is why prompts and supports must be faded.

Question 3

What is a prompt?

Answer 3

A cue or assistance delivered after an Sd to increase the likelihood of correct behavior occurring

Prompts are given before or during a response.

Question 4

List eight types of prompts.

Answer 4

• FULL PHYSICAL PROMPT OR HAND-OVER HAND
• PARTIAL PHYSICAL PROMPT
• MODELING PROMPT
• VERBAL PROMPT
• GESTURAL PROMPT
• VISUAL PROMPT
• POSITIONAL PROMPT
• TIME DELAY PROMPT

Each type of prompt serves a different purpose in assisting learning.

Question 5

List four types of supports.

Answer 5

• VISUAL SUPPORTS
• ENVIRONMENTAL SUPPORTS
• REINFORCEMENT SYSTEMS
• ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY

Supports help facilitate learning and behavior change.

Question 6

The ultimate outcome of ABA intervention is to teach behaviors that the client will eventually find naturally reinforcing, or intrinsically __________.

Answer 6

motivating

This intrinsic motivation is essential for long-term success.

Question 7

If a client only responds to one specific prompt in a structured setting, they may not perform the skill in different __________.

Answer 7

environments

This highlights the importance of generalization in skill acquisition.

Question 8

Fading strategies applied in a _______ way helps to ensure that clients will be able to maintain and apply the skills they learn into their natural environment.

Answer 8

SYSTEMATIC

The goal is independence.

Question 9

What does least-to-most prompting involve?

Answer 9

Initially providing the least amount of assistance to the client and more assistance with each subsequent attempt

This method is used for tasks that require multiple steps.

Question 10

What is graduated guidance?

Answer 10

Starting with more help and then reducing it as the client is better able to perform the skill

This method helps promote independence.

Question 11

What does stimulus fading ensure?

Answer 11

The client eventually responds to the NATURAL cue rather than relying on exaggerated or artificial prompts

This is often used when teaching skills that require visual, auditory, or positional prompts.

Question 12

Clients are ready for fading once they demonstrate they can perform a skill _______ and easily with prompts.

Answer 12

FLUENTLY

This indicates readiness for more independent performance.

Question 13

At the start of any intervention, reinforcement schedules are _______.

Answer 13

THICK

This means clients receive frequent reinforcement initially.

Question 14

Reinforcement schedules help thin thicker schedules by systematically reducing the amount of reinforcers a client receives as they display the behavior more _______.

Answer 14

FREQUENTLY

This process is essential for promoting independence.

Question 15

What is differential reinforcement used for?

Answer 15

To reinforce behaviors that need increasing while ignoring behaviors that need to be DECREASED

This technique helps shape desired behaviors.

Question 16

List five ways to fade differential reinforcement.

Answer 16

• Gradually reduce the reinforcement frequency
• Use other reinforcement schedules
• Increase response effort before reinforcement
• Shift to natural reinforcers
• Ensure generalization before fully fading reinforcement

These strategies help in transitioning from structured to natural reinforcement.