Notational analysis
Recording and counting key actions or events during performance.
Advantage of notational analysis
It gives objective numerical data and can identify patterns of play.
Disadvantage of notational analysis
It may miss context or quality, and accuracy depends on the observer.
Use of notational analysis
Used to count successful passes, shots, tackles, errors, possession time, and movement patterns.
Lever
A rigid bar that rotates around a fixed point to move a load.
Fulcrum / pivot
The fixed point around which a lever rotates.
Effort
The force applied to move the lever.
Load / resistance
The weight or opposing force that the effort must overcome.
First-class lever
A lever where the fulcrum lies between the effort and the load. Example: neck extension when heading a ball.
Second-class lever
A lever where the load lies between the fulcrum and the effort. Example: plantar flexion when standing on tiptoe.
Third-class lever
A lever where the effort lies between the fulcrum and the load. Example: biceps curl at the elbow.
Mechanical advantage
When a lever allows a small effort to move a larger load.
Mechanical disadvantage
When a larger effort is needed to move a smaller load, usually to gain speed and range of movement.
Advantage of first-class levers
They can provide either force or speed depending on the position of effort and load.
Disadvantage of first-class levers
They are not always efficient for producing large force quickly.
