Cartilaginous joint
A slightly movable joint where bones are connected by cartilage. Example: between the vertebrae.
Synovial joint
A freely movable joint containing synovial fluid.
Hinge joint
A synovial joint that allows flexion and extension only. Example: elbow, knee.
Pivot joint
A synovial joint allowing rotational movement. Example: atlas-axis joint in the neck.
Ball and socket joint
A synovial joint allowing movement in all directions including rotation. Example: shoulder, hip.
Gliding joint
A synovial joint where bones slide over one another. Example: carpals in the wrist.
Ellipsoid joint
A synovial joint allowing flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction but not full rotation. Example: wrist.
Skeletal system
The body system made up of bones, joints, and connective tissues.
Axial skeleton
The central part of the skeleton including the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum.
Appendicular skeleton
The limbs and girdles attached to the axial skeleton.
Function of the skeletal system: support
Provides the body with shape and support.
Function of the skeletal system: protection
Protects vital organs. Example: ribs protect the heart and lungs.
Function of the skeletal system: movement
Bones act as levers and muscles pull on them to create movement.
Function of the skeletal system: blood cell production
Red and white blood cells are produced in bone marrow.
Function of the skeletal system: mineral storage
Bones store minerals such as calcium and phosphorus.
