Rationalisation
The process of making sport more structured, organised, and controlled.
Three stages of development in modern sport
Simple folk games became more organised, then codified, then governed under formal bodies and rules.
Amateurism
Participation in sport for enjoyment rather than financial reward.
Professionalism
Participation in sport as paid work.
Commercialisation of sport
The process by which sport becomes linked to business, sponsorship, media, and profit.
Movement from amateurism to professionalism
The shift from playing for participation and honour toward paid, organised competitive sport.
Olympism
A philosophy linked to the Olympic movement that promotes participation, excellence, friendship, and respect.
Shamateurism
When performers claim to be amateurs while receiving hidden financial support or rewards.
Sport as a political tool
Using sport to influence public opinion, express power, or achieve political aims.
Boycott
Refusing to take part in a sporting event for political or moral reasons.
Protest in sport
Using sport or sporting events to express opposition or demand change.
Diplomacy through sport
Using sport to improve relations between countries.
Promotion of national identity through sport
Using sporting success and events to strengthen national pride and unity.
Social stratification
The division of society into layers based on factors such as class, gender, ethnicity, disability, and income.
Application of social stratification to sport
Different social groups have unequal opportunities, access, and experiences in sport.
