Manual guidance
Physical support from a coach or teacher.
Mechanical guidance
Support from equipment or apparatus. Example: stabilisers on a bike.
Feedback
Information received about performance.
Intrinsic feedback
Feedback that comes from the performer’s own senses.
Extrinsic feedback
Feedback that comes from an outside source such as a coach.
Knowledge of results / KR
Feedback about the outcome of a performance. Example: whether the shot went in.
Knowledge of performance / KP
Feedback about the quality or technique of the movement. Example: elbow position during a throw.
Culture
The shared beliefs, values, customs, and behaviours of a group.
Sport as a social institution
Sport as an organised part of society that reflects and influences values, norms, and behaviour.
Social control
The use of sport to regulate behaviour and encourage accepted social values.
Social institution
An organised structure in society that meets social needs. Example: education, family, religion, sport.
Socialisation
The process through which people learn the norms and values of society.
National identity
A shared sense of belonging to a nation, often strengthened through sport.
19th century English public school and university system
The setting in which many modern sports were organised, codified, and developed.
Codification
The process of writing down formal rules for a sport.
