Muscle contraction
The development of tension in a muscle, which may or may not involve shortening.
Isotonic contraction
A contraction in which the muscle changes length while producing movement.
Concentric contraction
An isotonic contraction where the muscle shortens as it contracts. Example: upward phase of a biceps curl.
Eccentric contraction
An isotonic contraction where the muscle lengthens while under tension. Example: lowering phase of a biceps curl.
Isometric contraction
A contraction where the muscle develops tension without changing length. Example: holding a plank.
Fitness
The ability to meet the demands of the environment or activity.
Health-related fitness
Components of fitness linked to general health and well-being.
Aerobic capacity
The ability of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems to supply oxygen during prolonged exercise.
Muscular strength
The maximum force a muscle or muscle group can produce in one contraction.
Muscular endurance
The ability of a muscle or muscle group to perform repeated contractions without fatiguing.
Body composition
The relative proportions of fat, muscle, bone, and other tissues in the body.
Skill-related fitness
Components of fitness linked more directly to sports performance.
Agility
The ability to change direction quickly while maintaining control.
Balance
The ability to maintain centre of mass over the base of support.
Co-ordination
The ability to use body parts together smoothly and efficiently.
