Unit 4-B

Question 1

oversleep

Answer 1

بیش‌ازحد خوابیدن – I overslept this morning and missed an important meeting.

Question 2

light sleeper

Answer 2

کسی که با کوچک‌ترین صدا بیدار می‌شود – As a light sleeper, she wakes up several times a night.

Question 3

heavy sleeper

Answer 3

کسی که به سختی بیدار می‌شود – He’s such a heavy sleeper that even loud alarms don’t wake him.

Question 4

sleep through

Answer 4

در خواب ماندن و صدایی را نشنیدن – She slept through the fire alarm, which was worrying.

Question 5

lie-in

Answer 5

دیر از خواب بیدار شدن – I usually have a lie-in on Fridays to recover from the week.

Question 6

drop off

Answer 6

به خواب رفتن – He dropped off immediately after the long flight.

Question 7

switch off

Answer 7

ذهن را خاموش کردن – Reading helps me switch off after a stressful day.

Question 8

lie awake

Answer 8

بیدار ماندن در رختخواب – She lay awake for hours thinking about her exam.

Question 9

relaxation exercises

Answer 9

تمرینات آرام‌سازی – Relaxation exercises can reduce anxiety before sleep.

Question 10

counting

Answer 10

شمردن برای خوابیدن – Some people use counting to help themselves fall asleep.

Question 11

insomniac

Answer 11

فرد مبتلا به بی‌خوابی – He’s an insomniac and rarely sleeps more than four hours.

Question 12

nap

Answer 12

چرت کوتاه – I took a short nap to catch up on sleep.

Question 13

catch up on sleep

Answer 13

جبران خواب از دست‌رفته – She tries to catch up on sleep during the weekend.

Question 14

deep sleep

Answer 14

خواب عمیق – Deep sleep is essential for restoring the body’s energy.

Question 15

nightmare

Answer 15

کابوس – He woke up suddenly after having a terrifying nightmare.

Question 16

snore

Answer 16

خرخر کردن – I snore when I’m extremely tired.

Question 17

exhausted

Answer 17

بسیار خسته – She felt exhausted after working a double shift.

Question 18

mystery

Answer 18

راز – The reason why humans dream is still a scientific mystery.

Question 19

evolutionary process

Answer 19

فرآیند تکامل – Some scientists believe the evolutionary process shapes our sleep cycles.

Question 20

monumental

Answer 20

عظیم – He described the delay as a monumental waste of time.

Question 21

sleep scientist

Answer 21

دانشمند متخصص خواب – A leading sleep scientist explained the impact of screen time on rest.

Question 22

on average

Answer 22

به طور متوسط – On average, teenagers need more sleep than adults.

Question 23

odd

Answer 23

عجیب – It seems odd that humans spend a third of their lives sleeping.

Question 24

effects

Answer 24

اثرها – The effects of sleep deprivation can be severe.

Question 25

changing the clocks

Answer 25

تغییر زمان رسمی – Changing the clocks can disrupt people’s internal body rhythms.

Question 26

sleep deprivation

Answer 26

کمبود خواب – Sleep deprivation can reduce your ability to concentrate.

Question 27

expression

Answer 27

اصطلاح – There is an expression in my language meaning ‘sleep on a problem’.

Question 28

myth

Answer 28

افسانه، باور نادرست – It’s a myth that adults need very little sleep.

Question 29

believed

Answer 29

بر این باور بودن – It is believed that lack of sleep increases the risk of illness.

Question 30

suggested

Answer 30

پیشنهاد یا مطرح شده – It’s been suggested that screen time disrupts sleep cycles.

Question 31

carry out

Answer 31

انجام دادن کارهای پیچیده – Some people can carry out tasks while sleepwalking.

Question 32

boredom

Answer 32

کسالت – Boredom can make students feel sleepy during long classes.

Question 33

scrolling

Answer 33

اسکرول کردن – Scrolling on your phone at night affects your sleep quality.

Question 34

wake up

Answer 34

بیدار شدن – It’s harder to wake up if you use your phone late at night.

Question 35

developed world

Answer 35

کشورهای توسعه‌یافته – People in the developed world sleep fewer hours than before.

Question 36

suffer

Answer 36

رنج بردن – Many employees suffer from chronic sleep issues.

Question 37

modern expectations

Answer 37

انتظارات دنیای مدرن – Modern expectations force workers to stay available 24/7.

Question 38

24/7 culture

Answer 38

فرهنگ بیست‌وچهار ساعته – In a 24/7 culture, people often sacrifice sleep for productivity.

Question 39

night shifts

Answer 39

شیفت شب – Working night shifts disrupts the natural body clock.

Question 40

fast-paced

Answer 40

پرشتاب – Fast-paced lifestyles leave little time for sleep.

Question 41

competitive

Answer 41

رقابتی – The competitive job market pushes workers to work longer hours.

Question 42

burnout

Answer 42

فرسودگی شغلی – Many people experience burnout due to constant pressure.

Question 43

linking words

Answer 43

عبارات ربط – Linking words help writers present additional ideas clearly.

Question 44

as a result

Answer 44

در نتیجه – He slept only four hours; as a result, he felt awful the next day.

Question 45

in addition to this

Answer 45

علاوه بر این – In addition to this, stress also affects your sleep quality.

Question 46

furthermore

Answer 46

علاوه بر آن – Furthermore, lack of sleep weakens your immune system.

Question 47

not only... but also

Answer 47

نه تنها... بلکه همچنین – Not only did he sleep less, but he also skipped meals.

Question 48

as well as

Answer 48

علاوه بر – As well as causing stress, poor sleep affects your memory.

Question 49

require

Answer 49

نیاز داشتن – Most adults require at least seven hours of sleep every night.

Question 50

consequences

Answer 50

پیامدها – The consequences of chronic sleep loss can be long-term.

Question 51

waste of time

Answer 51

اتلاف وقت – Some people say napping is a waste of time, but research disagrees.

Question 52

internal body clock

Answer 52

ساعت زیستی بدن – Jet lag disrupts the internal body clock.” restore,"بازگرداندن – Deep sleep helps restore your physical and mental energy.

Question 53

intimidate

Answer 53

مرعوب، ترسانده شده It was a myth invented to intimidate her political opponents.

Question 54

opponent

Answer 54

رقیب،حریف He beat his opponent in five rounds.