10.1 Structured Movement Analysis

Question 1

What is the main goal of a structured movement analysis?

Answer 1

To observe movement patterns and strategies to identify possible causes of movement dysfunction.

Question 2

Why should movements first be observed without correction?

Answer 2

To see the individual’s natural movement patterns before any compensations or adjustments are introduced.

Question 3

What are the three main factors influencing movement?

Answer 3

Neural, musculoskeletal/biomechanical, and behavioral factors.

Question 4

What are neural factors in movement analysis?

Answer 4

Structures, pathways, and processes involved in the control of movement.

Question 5

What are musculoskeletal and biomechanical factors in movement analysis?

Answer 5

Muscle, joint, and soft tissue structures and the physical laws governing movement.

Question 6

What are behavioral factors in movement analysis?

Answer 6

Cognitive, motivational, perceptual, and emotional processes that affect performance.

Question 7

Who developed the structured movement analysis model used in this lecture?

Answer 7

Hedman et al.

Question 8

What are the six stages of the movement continuum in Hedman’s model?

Answer 8

Initial conditions, preparation, initiation, execution, termination, and outcome.

Question 9

What does “initial conditions” refer to in movement analysis?

Answer 9

The individual’s starting posture and environmental conditions before movement begins.

Question 10

What does “preparation” involve in movement analysis?

Answer 10

Motor planning and understanding task requirements (not always observable).

Question 11

When does “initiation” occur in the movement continuum?

Answer 11

When segment displacement begins — the start of motion.

Question 12

What happens during the “execution” phase of movement?

Answer 12

Actual segment movement occurs.

Question 13

What is the “termination” phase of movement?

Answer 13

The instant when the motion stops.

Question 14

What does “outcome” represent in movement analysis?

Answer 14

Whether the goal of the movement was successfully achieved.

Question 15

Why is it important to perform movement analysis in a controlled environment?

Answer 15

To ensure consistent observations and comparable results across tasks.

Question 16

What are the six core functional tasks used in structured movement analysis?

Answer 16

Sitting, standing, sit-to-stand, walking, step up/down, and reach-grasp-manipulate.

Question 17

How is the sitting task performed in structured movement analysis?

Answer 17

Sit unsupported on a firm surface for 30 seconds with feet on the floor.

Question 18

What are the instructions for the standing task?

Answer 18

Stand comfortably on a firm surface for 30 seconds.

Question 19

How is the sit-to-stand task performed?

Answer 19

Rise from sitting without using the hands.

Question 20

How is the walking task performed?

Answer 20

Walk 20 meters at a comfortable speed with a 180° turn.

Question 21

How is the step-up task performed?

Answer 21

Step onto a 7-inch step and back down leading with the same leg.

Question 22

What are the steps in the reach, grasp, and manipulate task?

Answer 22

Reach for, lift, pour from, and return a cup using one arm, then repeat with the other.

Question 23

What should be done if a patient cannot complete a task as instructed?

Answer 23

Apply a task regression or environmental regression to simplify the task.

Question 24

What is the purpose of a task regression?

Answer 24

To make the task easier so the patient can perform it successfully.

Question 25

Give examples of task regressions.

Answer 25

Increase base of support, slow down movement, modify surface, or provide assistance/cueing.

Question 26

In what order should assistance be provided during a task?

Answer 26

Verbal cue → tactile cue → physical assistance.

Question 27

What is the purpose of a task progression?

Answer 27

To make the task more challenging when it’s too easy for the individual.

Question 28

Give examples of task progressions.

Answer 28

Narrow base of support, increase speed, add head turns, dual tasks, or environmental perturbations.

Question 29

Why should at least one progression or regression be attempted?

Answer 29

To fully assess the movement system’s capacity and adaptability.

Question 30

What is the clinical value of using Hedman’s movement continuum model?

Answer 30

It helps PTs identify which movement phase or factor contributes to dysfunction.

Question 31

What determines whether to use a progression or regression?

Answer 31

Whether the patient can successfully complete the original task.

Question 32

How does altering the environment help in movement analysis?

Answer 32

It reveals how movement strategies adapt under changing conditions.

Question 33

Why might tasks differ among patients?

Answer 33

Based on mobility level and setting—e.g., non-ambulatory individuals or athletes may need modified tasks.