A-gas Flashcards

(26 cards)

1
Q

Opsummering:

A
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2
Q

A-gas – VIGTIG HUSKEREGEL:
- pCO2: > 6 –> 1
- pCO2: < 4.5 –> 2
- BE: < -3 / HCO3: < 22 –> 3
- BE: > +3 / HCO3: > 26 –> 4

A

1: respiratorisk acidose
2: respiratorisk alkalose
3: metabolisk acidose
4: metabolisk alkalose

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3
Q

Arteriel blodgas eller venøs blodgas:
- Hvis O2 er lavere end SAT (ifm. TOKS) –> venøs blodgas
- Hvis O2 er højere end SAT (ifm. TOKS) –> arteriel blodgas

A
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4
Q

A-gas – Indikationer:
- Respirationsinsufficiens (KOL, astma, pneumoni, lungeemboli, etc.)
- Shock tilstande
- Organpåvirkninger
- Ved akutte tilstande: fx hjertesvigt, infektiøse lidelser og sepsis, abdominale sygdomme, endokrine lidelser, nyresvigt, traumer, etc.

A
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5
Q

A-gas:
Huskeregel til analyse: ACID

Prioriteret rækkefølge – 5 trin:
1) Hvordan har patienten det? ABCDE-tilgang
2) O2
3) pH
4) pCO2
5) Bikarbonat / BE

A

A-gas:

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6
Q

Nævn hyppige årsager til respiratorisk acidose?

A
  • KOL (især eksacerbation)
  • CNS-depression (opioider, benzodiazepiner, alkohol)
  • Svær astma
  • Pneumoni
  • Neuromuskulær svækkelse (fx Guillain-Barré, myasthenia gravis)
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7
Q

Nævn hyppige årsager til metabolisk acidose?

A
  • Diabetisk ketoacidose (DKA)
  • Laktatacidose (fx sepsis, shock, hypoksi)
  • Nyresvigt (uræmi)
  • Diarré
  • Forgiftninger (fx methanol, ethylenglykol, salicylat)
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8
Q

Nævn hyppige årsager til respiratorisk alkalose?

A
  • Hyperventilation pga. angst/panik
  • Hypoksi (fx lungeemboli, pneumoni, højder)
  • Sepsis / feber
  • Graviditet (progesteron-stimuleret hyperventilation)
  • Smerter / CNS-påvirkning (fx apopleksi, hovedtraume)
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9
Q

Nævn hyppige årsager til metabolisk alkalose?

A
  • Opkastninger
  • Diuretika (loop- og thiazid-diuretika)
  • Hypokaliæmi
  • Mineralokortikoid-overskud: fx hyperaldosteronisme, Cushing
  • Bikarbonat-tilførsel / baseoverskud
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10
Q

Nævn hyppige årsager til forhøjet laktat?

A
  • Sepsis / septisk shock
  • Shock med hypoperfusion (hypovolæmisk, kardiogent, obstruktivt)
  • Hypoksi / respirationssvigt (fx pneumoni, KOL-exacerbation, lungeemboli)
  • Kramper / status epilepticus
  • Leverinsufficiens
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11
Q

pH: < 7.35
pCO2: > 6
BE: +/- 3 / HCO3-: 22 - 26

A

Respiratorisk acidose
Ingen kompensation

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12
Q

pH: < 7.35
pCO2: > 6
BE: > +3 / HCO3: > 26

A

Respiratorisk acidose
Delvis metabolisk (renal) kompensation

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13
Q

pH: 7.35 - 7.45
pCO2: > 6
BE: > +3 / HCO3: > 26

A

Respiratorisk acidose
Fuld metabolisk (renal) kompensation

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14
Q

pH: < 7.35
BE: < -3 / HCO3: < 22
pCO2: 4.5 - 6

A

Metabolisk acidose
Ingen kompensation

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15
Q

pH: < 7.35
BE: < -3 / HCO3: < 22
pCO2: < 4.5

A

Metabolisk acidose
Delvis respiratorisk (pulmonal) kompensation

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16
Q

pH: 7.35 - 7.45
BE: < -3 / HCO3: < 22
pCO2: < 4.5

A

Metabolisk acidose
Fuld respiratorisk (pulmonal) kompensation

17
Q

pH: < 7.35
pCO2: > 6
BE: < -3 / HCO3: < 22

A

Respiratorisk og Metabolisk acidose

18
Q

pH: 7.35 - 7.45
pCO2: > 6
BE: < -3 / HCO3: < 22

A

Respiratorisk og Metabolisk acidose

19
Q

pH: > 7.45
pCO2: < 4.5
BE: +/- 3 / HCO3-: 22 - 26

A

Respiratorisk alkalose
Ingen kompensation

20
Q

pH: > 7.45
pCO2: < 4.5
BE: < -3 / HCO3: < 22

A

Respiratorisk alkalose
Delvis metabolisk (renal) kompensation

21
Q

pH: 7.35 - 7.45
pCO2: < 4.5
BE: < -3 / HCO3: < 22

A

Respiratorisk alkalose
Fuld metabolisk (renal) kompensation

22
Q

pH: > 7.45
BE: > +3 / HCO3: > 26
pCO2: 4.5 - 6

A

Metabolisk alkalose
Ingen kompensation

23
Q

pH: > 7.45
BE: > +3 / HCO3: > 26
pCO2: > 6

A

Metabolisk alkalose
Delvis respiratorisk (pulmonal) kompensation

24
Q

pH: 7.35 - 7.45
BE: > +3 / HCO3: > 26
pCO2: > 6

A

Metabolisk alkalose
Fuld respiratorisk (pulmonal) kompensation

25
pH: > 7.45 pCO2: < 4.5 BE: > +3 / HCO3: > 26
Respiratorisk og Metabolisk alkalose
26
pH: 7.35 - 7.45 pCO2: < 4.5 BE: > +3 / HCO3: > 26
Respiratorisk og Metabolisk alkalose