Kinesiology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is kinesiology?

A

The study of the principles of mechanics and anatomy in relation to human movement

Includes aspects of anatomy, physiology, calculus, biomechanics, and physics.

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2
Q

What type of information does quantitative movement analysis provide?

A

Numerical information under standardized situations to gather information

Examples include formal range of motion (ROM) assessment and formal manual muscle testing (MMT).

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3
Q

What is qualitative movement analysis based on?

A

Observation or interview, providing subjective or less measurable information

Examples include observation of movement and client interviews.

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4
Q

When was kinesiology identified as a basic science in occupational therapy programs?

A

1973

This was noted in various historical documents regarding the development of occupational therapy.

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5
Q

What are terminal behavioral objectives in kinesiology education?

A

Demonstrate knowledge of human body structure and functioning, contribute to client evaluation, and collaborate in the screening and evaluation process

Specific objectives are outlined by AOTA.

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6
Q

What is the role of the National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy (NBCOT)?

A

Identifies what is classified as entry-level practice and provides the national certification examination.

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7
Q

How can the historical practice trends in occupational therapy be categorized?

A

Into four eras:
* 1900s to 1920s: Reconstruction and curative era
* 1930s to 1950s: Reductionistic era and orthopedic model
* 1950s to 1970s: Medical era and kinetic model
* 1970s to Present: Occupation era and biomechanical model.

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8
Q

What characterized the 1900s to 1920s era in occupational therapy?

A

Emergence of occupational therapy due to the moral treatment movement and increased demand post-World War I.

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9
Q

During which era did occupational therapy focus on identifying motor deficits?

A

1930s to 1950s: Reductionistic era and orthopedic model.

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10
Q

What was a significant development in occupational therapy during the medical era (1950s to 1970s)?

A

Highlighting reductionism and scientific effort in treating physical disabilities.

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11
Q

What model emerged in the 1970s to present in occupational therapy?

A

Biomechanical model, emphasizing occupation and incorporating aspects of kinesiology.

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12
Q

What is the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework?

A

The official document guiding the practice of occupational therapy.

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13
Q

Define ‘occupation’ in the context of occupational therapy.

A

What one does to occupy their time, including rest, work, recreation, and daily life tasks.

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14
Q

What does the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) focus on?

A

A holistic point of view that emphasizes health and functioning rather than disability.

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15
Q

What are the levels of dysfunction according to the ICF?

A

Impairment, activity limitation, and participation restriction.

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16
Q

What are the two main sections of the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework?

A

Domain and Process.

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17
Q

List the components of the domain in the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework.

A
  • Occupations
  • Contexts
  • Performance patterns
  • Performance skills
  • Client factors.
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18
Q

What are activities of daily living (ADLs)?

A

Tasks done to care for one’s body, completed on a routine basis.

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19
Q

What are instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs)?

A

More complex tasks that support daily life and may occur in home or community.

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20
Q

Define performance patterns in occupational therapy.

A

Habits, routines, roles, and rituals that influence how performance skills are applied.

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21
Q

What are performance skills?

A

The ability or capacity to demonstrate actions in an activity or occupation.

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22
Q

What are client factors in occupational therapy?

A

Unique qualities within the individual that affect engagement and performance in occupation.

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23
Q

What three areas are client factors divided into?

A
  • Values, beliefs, spirituality
  • Body functions
  • Body structures.
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24
Q

How do values, beliefs, and spirituality affect a client?

A

They guide life decisions and affect all choices made by the client.

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25
What do body functions refer to?
Physiological functions of the body that may support or hamper engagement in occupation.
26
What do body structures refer to?
Anatomy and specific body parts.
27
What are values in the context of occupational therapy?
Guiding principles, standards, morals, ethics ## Footnote Values influence life decisions and affect all choices made by clients.
28
Define beliefs as per the educational content.
Attitudes, viewpoints, ideas, and truths held by an individual ## Footnote Beliefs are integral to understanding a client's perspective.
29
What is spirituality in the context of occupational therapy?
Search for meaning in life, may or may not be affiliated with a specific religion ## Footnote Spirituality can impact a client's engagement in occupational activities.
30
What are internal factors affecting motivation?
Values, beliefs, spirituality, personality ## Footnote These factors shape how clients approach activities.
31
List external factors that influence motivation.
* Social factors * Approval by others * Remuneration ## Footnote External factors can motivate clients to engage in activities for personal reasons.
32
What is self-determined extrinsic motivation?
Proposes a combination of internal and external factors ## Footnote Clients attempt activities for external reasons that hold personal value.
33
What are the two types of locus of control?
* Internal: Belief that you have control over what will happen to you * External: Belief that what occurs in life is not under your control ## Footnote Locus of control can change and affects motivation.
34
How does motivation change throughout the lifespan?
Desire to control one’s environment is ongoing, often more intrinsic in early years and more extrinsic as socialization increases ## Footnote In later adulthood, enjoyment becomes the greatest internal motivator.
35
What are the unique qualities of an activity that must be considered?
* Relevance and importance * Objects used and their properties * Space demands * Social demands * Sequence and timing * Required actions and performance skills * Required body functions * Required body structures ## Footnote These qualities are essential for analyzing activity demands.
36
What is the purpose of analyzing activity demands?
Determine effort needed to participate, analyze qualities inherent in activity, manipulate characteristics to enable performance ## Footnote Changing one area will impact all areas involved.
37
Define relevance and importance in activity demands.
General meaning of the activity within the given culture ## Footnote Understanding relevance helps tailor activities to client needs.
38
What are space demands in activity analysis?
Features of physical environment including building, temperature, lighting, furniture, and equipment ## Footnote Space demands influence how activities are carried out.
39
What do social demands refer to?
Social and cultural aspects of activities, including rules, respect for others, and communication ## Footnote Social demands affect how clients interact during activities.
40
What is meant by sequence and timing in activity demands?
Need to perform each step of activity in a certain order and within a specific timeframe for successful completion ## Footnote Proper sequence and timing are crucial for effective activity performance.
41
What are required actions and performance skills?
Skill sets needed to perform an activity ## Footnote Identifying these skills is important for client success in activities.
42
What do required body functions and structures entail?
Anatomy and physiology required to support an activity ## Footnote Understanding these requirements helps in planning interventions.
43
What is Kinesiology?
The study of principles of mechanics and anatomy in relation to human movement.
44
What does ACOTE stand for?
Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education
45
What is the WHO?
World Health Organization
46
What is the ICF?
International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health
47
What is quantitative data?
Numerical data
48
What is qualitative data?
Descriptions, rather than numbers.
49
What does MMT stand for?
Manual Muscle Testing
50
What are activities of daily living?
Basic self-care tasks that individuals perform.
51
What is the National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy?
A credentialing organization for occupational therapy professionals.
52
What was the OT era from 1900's to 1920's?
Reconstruction and curative era.
53
What was the OT era from 1930's to 1950's?
Reductionist era and orthopedic model.
54
What was the OT era from 1950's to 1970's?
Medical era and kinetic model.
55
What is the OT era from 1970's to present?
Occupational era and biomechanical era.
56
What are occupations?
Can be considered what people do to fill their time.
57
What is participation?
Broader categories that involve actions a person is capable of performing based on body functions and structures.
58
What is the biopsychosocial model?
A model of health integrating biological, behavioral, and social factors; used by ICF and reflected in OTPF-4.
59
What are impairments?
Problems in body function or structure such as a significant deviation or loss.
60
What is activity?
Objective, not client specific; supports development of performance skills and patterns for engagement in occupations.
61
What are activity limitations?
Difficulties an individual may have in executing activities.
62
What are participation restrictions?
Problems an individual may experience in involvement in life situations.
63
What are the 3 levels of human functioning according to ICF?
1) Body or body parts 2) The whole person 3) The person in context of the society in which they live.
64
What does IADLs stand for?
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, complex tasks.
65
What is health management?
Activities related to developing, managing, and maintaining health/wellness routines, including self-management.
66
What is activity analysis?
Generic analysis to understand requirements of activities.
67
What is the biomechanical model?
Impairments in musculoskeletal system affecting movement. Goals: maintain capacity for motion/strength, restore, compensate. 'If moving better, function follows.'
68
What are the OTPF-4 domains?
Occupations, contexts, performance patterns, performance skills, client factors.
69
Front
Back
70
Kinesiology — What is it?
Study drawing on anatomy, physiology, physics, calculus, and biomechanics to understand human movement.
71
Qualitative data — What is it?
Information on movement obtained by observation or interview.
72
Quantitative data — What is it?
Information on movement gathered in standardized situations using standardized procedures.
73
NBCOT — What does this organization do?
Provides the national certification exam that verifies minimum competency/knowledge standards for OTAs are met.
74
Moral Treatment Movement — When/what?
1800s movement recognizing the need to provide higher‑quality care for institutionalized individuals.
75
Reconstruction Aids — Who were they?
Term used for OTs after WWI who provided interventions for injured soldiers.
76
Orthopedic Model of OT — Era & focus?
1930s–1950s model addressing motor impairments using anatomy, physiology, and pathology.
77
Kinetic Model — Era & contribution?
1950s–1970s model that laid the groundwork for later kinesiologic approaches to treatment.
78
Biomechanical Model — What is it about? (per quiz wording)
Interdisciplinary study (anatomy, physiology, physics, calculus, biomechanics) to explain movement.
79
Occupation — Define.
Things people do to occupy their time.
80
Activity Limitation — Define.
Problems an individual may have in executing activities.
81
Participation Restrictions — Define. (as shown on quiz)
Client‑internal factors that can help or hinder performance; divided into values, beliefs, and spirituality.
82
Client Factors (OTPF) — Define.
Client‑internal factors that can help or hinder performance; divided into values, beliefs, and spirituality.
83
Activity Demands — Define.
All aspects typically required to carry out the activity.
84
Locus of Control Theory — What is it?
Rotter’s theory: control and motivation are based on personal experience; modifiable by learning, culture, and family.
85
Activity Analysis — Purpose?
Generic analysis to understand typical requirements of specific components of activities.
86
Instrumental ADLs (IADLs) — What are they?
More complex than ADLs; support daily life at home and in the community. Example: financial management.
87
Performance Skills — Define.
Observable, goal‑directed actions underlying performance (motor, process, social interaction skills).
88
Health Management — Define. (quiz item showed mismatched text)
Note: quiz screenshot paired this with the Moral Treatment definition; correct concept in OTPF is managing/maintaining health through activities like medication management, nutrition, physical activity.
89
ADLs (Activities of Daily Living) — Examples?
Self‑care tasks: bathing, brushing teeth, dressing, eating, bowel/bladder functions, functional mobility.
Kinesiology
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