Chapter 12

Question 1

What is functional mobility?

Answer 1

The ability to move from one place to another during daily activities like ADLs and IADLs, using body mechanics and adaptive methods as needed.

Question 2

What categories are included in functional mobility?

Answer 2

Activities of daily living (ADLs), instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), client factors, and performance skills.

Question 3

What are key demands that affect functional mobility?

Answer 3

Activity demands, space demands, occupational demands, and environmental factors.

Question 4

What’s the difference between home and community environments?

Answer 4

Home environments are typically closed and predictable; community settings are open and variable, requiring adaptable mobility skills.

Question 5

What defines good body mechanics?

Answer 5

Safe, efficient movement that minimizes stress from forces like gravity, friction, and torque, with posture as the foundation.

Question 6

What are the four natural spinal curves that should be maintained?

Answer 6

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral curves.

Question 7

List the key principles of body mechanics.

Answer 7

Assess the load, move close, keep a wide base, maintain normal spinal curves, bend hips/knees, stabilize trunk, use large muscles, exhale during exertion, avoid twisting, push not pull, and ask for help when needed.

Question 8

What are common sources of injury during mobility tasks?

Answer 8

Twisting, bending, and lifting improperly.

Question 9

What are the three main lifting techniques?

Answer 9

Diagonal lift, tripod lift, and golfer’s lift.

Question 10

What is bed mobility and why is it important?

Answer 10

Movements like rolling, bridging, and sitting up that allow a client to change positions safely and independently in bed.

Question 11

What are examples of common transfers?

Answer 11

Bed-to-chair, wheelchair, commode, and tub transfers.

Question 12

What are important considerations before performing a transfer?

Answer 12

Safety precautions, client strength, adaptive equipment, ROM, balance, catheters, and medical lines.

Question 13

What are the four main types of transfers?

Answer 13

Stand pivot, squat/lateral pivot, transfer board, and dependent transfers.

Question 14

What are examples of bathroom mobility tasks?

Answer 14

Tub and commode transfers and standing at the sink for grooming.

Question 15

What are the four balance categories used in ADLs?

Answer 15

Static sitting, dynamic sitting, static standing, and dynamic standing balance.

Question 16

How is mobility connected to ADLs?

Answer 16

It’s needed to access clothing, reach grooming areas, and perform transfers and posture changes throughout dressing and hygiene.

Question 17

What are examples of IADLs that involve mobility?

Answer 17

Laundry, lawn care, sweeping, vacuuming, cooking, and dishwashing.

Question 18

What are key principles of energy conservation during mobility?

Answer 18

Alternate light and heavy tasks, plan efficient movement, reduce resistance, use proper posture, and organize the environment.

Question 19

What is included in community mobility?

Answer 19

Ambulation, wheelchair propulsion, driving, and riding with attention to environmental accessibility.

Question 20

What defines a reasonable accommodation?

Answer 20

Any change to a job or environment that enables a person with a disability to perform essential functions or access benefits equally.

Question 21

What is adaptive mobility?

Answer 21

The use of assistive technology to compensate for impaired body functions and enhance independence.

Question 22

Define prosthetic device.

Answer 22

A device that replaces or compensates for a missing or impaired body part.

Question 23

Give examples of lower- and upper-extremity prosthetics.

Answer 23

Lower: above/below-knee prostheses; Upper: above-elbow prosthesis or prosthetic hand.

Question 24

What are orthotics used for?

Answer 24

To support or correct alignment, prevent or resist unwanted movement.

Question 25

Give examples of common orthotics.

Answer 25

AFO (ankle-foot orthosis), KAFO (knee-ankle-foot orthosis), and TLSO (thoracolumbosacral orthosis).

Question 26

What is a hand orthotic called?

Answer 26

A splint.

Question 27

What are the six considerations in splinting?

Answer 27

Articular or nonarticular, primary joint addressed, motion direction, purpose, secondary joints, and total joints included.

Question 28

How do static and dynamic splints differ?

Answer 28

Static splints immobilize; dynamic splints allow controlled motion and mobilization.

Question 29

What class of lever is a splint?

Answer 29

A first-class lever.

Question 30

What are key principles of splint design?

Answer 30

Distribute force evenly, use wide/long surfaces, allow function, maintain comfort, and maximize skin contact to reduce pressure.

Question 31

Define wheeled mobility.

Answer 31

The use of equipment to enhance movement, posture, and participation while reducing risk of complications.

Question 32

What are the main types of manual wheelchairs?

Answer 32

Standard (16–18”), ultralightweight, reclining, and tilt-in-space models with fixed or adjustable leg rests.

Question 33

What distinguishes powered wheelchairs?

Answer 33

Battery-operated control systems allowing independent mobility for clients with limited upper-body function.

Question 34

What are examples of adaptive mobility devices for recreation?

Answer 34

Hand cycles and four-track skis.

Question 35

What is the purpose of pressure relief in wheeled mobility?

Answer 35

To prevent skin breakdown, promote circulation, and reduce risk of pressure injuries.