Chapter 11

Question 1

function

Answer 1

The ability to move sufficiently and complete tasks or goals to one’s satisfaction in any social context.

Question 2

therapeutic exercise

Answer 2

The application of movement to create structural and functional improvements that reduce participation restrictions.

Question 3

Nagi Disablement Model

Answer 3

It expanded disability beyond physical limits to include environmental and social factors, defining four levels: cellular, body system, whole person, and societal.

Question 4

National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research model

Answer 4

It emphasizes external societal factors—like loss of pay, service denial, and movement barriers—that can worsen disability.

Question 5

ICF model

Answer 5

To standardize language about function and disability and to focus on characteristics of function.

Question 6

factors influencing lifespan implications for therapeutic exercise

Answer 6

Anatomy, physiology, age, religion, mental status, comorbidities, and contraindications.

Question 7

three phases of the healing process

Answer 7

Inflammatory, fibroblastic, and maturation phases.

Question 8

inflammatory phase duration and goal

Answer 8

From onset up to several days post-injury; goal is protection through vasoconstriction and chemical mediator transition.

Question 9

signs of the inflammatory phase

Answer 9

Pain, swelling, redness, heat, loss of function, and limited or painful ROM.

Question 10

fibroblastic phase

Answer 10

Scar tissue develops; collagen and elastin form; inflammation subsides; lasts about 4–6 weeks.

Question 11

main goal during the fibroblastic phase

Answer 11

Prevent reinjury while protecting and strengthening the area.

Question 12

maturation phase of healing

Answer 12

Scar tissue realigns through gradual, increased movement and function; strengthens along lines of stress.

Question 13

maturation phase duration

Answer 13

Up to 2 years.

Question 14

key elements in evaluating a therapeutic exercise task

Answer 14

Knowledge of the health process, task analysis, and movement analysis.

Question 15

specificity principle in exercise design

Answer 15

Exercises must target the exact goals of the program.

Question 16

individuality in therapeutic exercise

Answer 16

Each exercise program should be tailored to the person’s unique needs and conditions.

Question 17

intensity in therapeutic exercise

Answer 17

The physiologic response to exercise, not the perceived mental effort.

Question 18

overload principle

Answer 18

The body must be challenged beyond its normal capacity to achieve adaptation.

Question 19

SAID principle

Answer 19

Specific Adaptations to Imposed Demands — the body adapts specifically to the type of stress applied.

Question 20

Wolff’s Law

Answer 20

Bone form and structure adapt to the physical stresses placed upon them.

Question 21

progression in exercise

Answer 21

The intentional, appropriate increase in exercise demand over time.

Question 22

adaptable parameters in a therapeutic exercise plan

Answer 22

Resistance, speed, surfaces, sensory feedback, attention, movement direction, skill, and coordination.

Question 23

first considerations in a therapeutic exercise program

Answer 23

Safety, pain, swelling, ROM, and joint mechanics (arthrokinematics and osteokinematics).

Question 24

static stretch duration and condition

Answer 24

20–30 seconds, sustained near end-range but below the pain threshold.

Question 25

dynamic stretching

Answer 25

Active movement used to increase flexibility and prepare for activity.

Question 26

three types of muscle contractions

Answer 26

Isometric (no length change), eccentric (lengthening), and concentric (shortening).

Question 27

force–velocity curve

Answer 27

The inverse relationship between the force a muscle produces and the velocity of contraction.

Question 28

neuromuscular control

Answer 28

The unconscious motor response to sensory (afferent) input.

Question 29

importance of repetition in neuromuscular training

Answer 29

It builds automatic motor patterns and postural control.

Question 30

functional progression in therapy

Answer 30

Gradually advancing exercises toward real-life movement and occupational tasks.