Kinesiology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

(39 cards)

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1
Q

What are contextual and environmental factors?

A

Environmental and personal factors specific to each client

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2
Q

What are the three types of environmental factors?

A
  • Social
  • Physical
  • Attitudinal
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3
Q

What does OTPF-4 categorize environmental factors into?

A
  • Natural/human-made
  • Products & technology
  • Support & relationships
  • Attitudes
  • Services/systems/policies
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4
Q

What are the categories of environmental factors according to the ICF?

A
  • Physical
  • Social
  • Attitudinal
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5
Q

What are examples of physical environmental factors?

A
  • Natural environment: landforms, bodies of water
  • Physical forces: gravity, friction
  • Built/man-made: buildings, roads, communication towers
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6
Q

What is universal design in environmental factors?

A

Design that accommodates all individuals, enhancing accessibility

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7
Q

What are intrinsic personal factors?

A
  • Age
  • Sexual orientation
  • Gender
  • Behavioral patterns
  • Psychological assets
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8
Q

What are examples of ‘other’ personal factors?

A
  • Educational level
  • Socioeconomic status
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9
Q

What are the two types of forces in nature?

A
  • Internal (muscle-produced)
  • External
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10
Q

What are the types of external forces?

A
  • Fluid forces
  • Contact forces
  • Gravity
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11
Q

What is buoyancy?

A

Upward force equal to the weight of displaced air or fluid

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12
Q

What is drag in fluid forces?

A

Resistance to forward motion that requires velocity

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13
Q

What does lift in fluid forces depend on?

A

Differences in flow velocity around an object

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14
Q

What are contact forces?

A

Forces that occur when objects touch each other

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15
Q

What is the normal reaction force?

A

Paired, equal and opposite forces as per Newton’s 3rd law

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16
Q

What does friction do?

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A

Acts opposite to desired movement at the point of contact

17
Q

What is gravity measured as?

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A

Body weight through the center of gravity

18
Q

What is the vector nature of force?

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A

Force has both magnitude and direction

19
Q

What is a force couple?

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A

Two or more forces with similar magnitude in opposite directions causing rotary movement

20
Q

What are Newton’s laws of motion?

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A
  • First law — Inertia
  • Second law — Acceleration
  • Third law — Action & reaction
21
Q

What are the six types of simple machines?

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A
  • Inclined plane
  • Wheel and axle
  • Pulley
  • Screw
  • Wedge
  • Lever
22
Q

What are the components of a lever?

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A
  • Force
  • Axis
  • Resistance
23
Q

What is active insufficiency?

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A

When a muscle cannot contract sufficiently for full range of motion at all joints it crosses

24
Q

What is passive insufficiency?

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A

When a muscle cannot stretch sufficiently for full range of motion at all joints it crosses

25
What is a kinematic chain?
Sequential movement of bones/joints in a specific pattern
26
What distinguishes an open kinematic chain?
Distal segment is free to move; one joint can move independently
27
What distinguishes a closed kinematic chain?
Distal segment is stabilized; movement at one joint requires movement at others
28
What is the difference between close-pack and open-pack joint positions?
* Close-pack: Max surface contact, most stable * Open-pack: Less contact area, less stable
29
What factors influence functional movement?
* Contexts: Cultural, personal, temporal, virtual * Environments: Social and physical * Related factors: Levers, insufficiency, kinematic chains, open-/close-pack positions
30
Contexts
OTPF-4 Term that is divided into two areas, environmental and personal factors.
31
Vector
Having the qualities of both magnitude and direction, can be represented by a straight line.
32
Shearing Force
Occurs when underlying tissue and bone move one way the skin moves another way.
33
Force Couple
Two or more forces of equal magnitude but opposite direction applied to the same object but at different points, produces rotary motion.
34
Torque
The turning or rotary effect of a force.
35
Closed Kinematic Chain
When the distal segment is fixed or stabilized so movement in one joint will automatically necessitate movement at connecting joints.
36
Open Kinematic Chain
When the distal segment is freely moving and therefore one joint can move without impacting movement of the other joints.
37
Active Insufficiency
When muscles cannot shorten or contract any further and fails to shorten to the extent required for simultaneous full ROM of all joints crossed.
38
Purpose of Simple Machines
To alter the magnitude or direction (or both) of an applied force.
39
Inertia
The tendency of a body to remain in its state until acted on by an outside force.
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