Chapter 9

Question 1

What kind of joint is the wrist (radiocarpal) joint?

Answer 1

A biaxial condyloid joint

Question 2

What motions occur at the wrist joint?

Answer 2

Flexion, extension, radial deviation, ulnar deviation, and circumduction

Question 3

What degrees of motion are needed for functional wrist ROM?

Answer 3

40° flexion, 40° extension, and 40° total radial + ulnar deviation

Question 4

What are the joints of the thumb?

Answer 4

Carpometacarpal (CMC), metacarpophalangeal (MCP), and interphalangeal (IP) joints

Question 5

What are the joints of the fingers?

Answer 5

Metacarpophalangeal (MCP), proximal interphalangeal (PIP), and distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints

Question 6

What motions occur at the MCP joints of the fingers?

Answer 6

Flexion, extension, and hyperextension

Question 7

What motions occur at the PIP and DIP joints?

Answer 7

Flexion and extension

Question 8

What is the most common distal radius fracture?

Answer 8

A Colles fracture

Question 9

What is a Colles fracture?

Answer 9

A distal radius fracture with dorsal displacement of the distal fragment

Question 10

What causes most distal radius fractures?

Answer 10

A fall on an outstretched arm (FOOSH)

Question 11

What are possible treatments for a Colles fracture?

Answer 11

Closed reduction + casting, pin fixation, external fixation, or ORIF

Question 12

What are OT goals for a Colles fracture?

Answer 12

Maximize pain-free ROM of the forearm, wrist, fingers, thumb, elbow, and shoulder

Question 13

What are complications of a Colles fracture?

Answer 13

Carpal tunnel syndrome, malunion, CRPS, and tendon rupture

Question 14

What tendons are inflamed in De Quervain’s disease?

Answer 14

Abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis

Question 15

What test is used to diagnose De Quervain’s disease?

Answer 15

Finkelstein’s test

Question 16

What causes De Quervain’s disease?

Answer 16

Repetitive motion of the thumb and wrist

Question 17

What are symptoms of De Quervain’s disease?

Answer 17

Pain, swelling, and tenderness over the anatomical snuff box

Question 18

What is the TFCC (triangular fibrocartilage complex) and what can injure it?

Answer 18

A wrist stabilizing structure that can tear from FOOSH injuries

Question 19

What are symptoms of a TFCC tear?

Answer 19

Ulnar wrist pain, swelling, and decreased grip strength

Question 20

What is a common cause of a scaphoid fracture?

Answer 20

FOOSH (fall on outstretched hand)

Question 21

Where is tenderness felt with a scaphoid fracture?

Answer 21

Over the anatomical snuff box

Question 22

What are wrist muscles that do not cross into the hand/fingers?

Answer 22

FCU, FCR, PL, ECRL, ECRB, ECU

Question 23

Which muscle is the prime mover for wrist flexion and ulnar deviation?

Answer 23

Flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU)

Question 24

Which muscle flexes the wrist and causes radial deviation?

Answer 24

Flexor carpi radialis (FCR)

Question 25

What is the weakest wrist flexor?

Answer 25

Palmaris longus (PL)

Question 26

Which muscle is the prime mover for wrist extension and radial deviation?

Answer 26

Extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL)

Question 27

Which muscle is a strong wrist extensor but only assists with radial deviation?

Answer 27

Extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB)

Question 28

Which muscle moves the wrist in extension and ulnar deviation?

Answer 28

Extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU)

Question 29

What are the extrinsic flexor muscles of the hand?

Answer 29

Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS), flexor digitorum profundus (FDP), flexor pollicis longus (FPL)

Question 30

What are the extrinsic extensor muscles of the hand?

Answer 30

Extensor digitorum communis (EDC), extensor digiti minimi (EDM), extensor indicis proprius (EIP), extensor pollicis longus (EPL), extensor pollicis brevis (EPB), abductor pollicis longus (APL)

Question 31

What forms the anatomical snuffbox?

Answer 31

Abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus, and extensor pollicis brevis

Question 32

What nerve innervates the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU)?

Answer 32

Ulnar nerve (C8–T1)

Question 33

What nerve innervates the flexor carpi radialis and palmaris longus?

Answer 33

Median nerve (C6–C7)

Question 34

What nerve innervates the wrist extensors (ECRL, ECRB, ECU)?

Answer 34

Radial nerve (C6–C8)

Question 35

What nerve innervates the flexor digitorum superficialis?

Answer 35

Median (C7–T1)

Question 36

What nerves innervate the flexor digitorum profundus?

Answer 36

Median and ulnar (C8–T1)

Question 37

What ligaments limit wrist extension?

Answer 37

Palmar radiocarpal ligament

Question 38

What ligaments limit wrist flexion?

Answer 38

Dorsal radiocarpal ligament

Question 39

What ligaments limit radial and ulnar deviation?

Answer 39

Ulnar and radial collateral ligaments

Question 40

What is another name for the transverse carpal ligament?

Answer 40

Flexor retinaculum

Question 41

What structure creates the carpal tunnel?

Answer 41

The transverse carpal (flexor retinaculum) ligament

Question 42

What is the role of intrinsic wrist ligaments?

Answer 42

Stabilize the carpal bones