Framing
It is about constructing a message to evoke a particular response from an audience.
Impression management
This involves an attempt to control the impressions that others form about the leader through behaviour that makes the leader more attractive and appealing to others
Leadership effectiveness investments fall into three general categories
-Assigning people to positions to promote learning on the job
-Sending employees to formal leadership assessment and training programmes
-Assisting through coaching and mentoring.