10.1-10.2

Question 1

the most important aspect of chemistry has been its _______ since ancient times

Answer 1

practical application

Question 2

survey of the chemicals and processes that are important to our daily lives

Answer 2

descriptive chemistry

Question 3

most abundant element in the universe

Answer 3

hydrogen

Question 4

simplest element

Answer 4

hydrogen

Question 5

isotopes of hydrogen

Answer 5

1. protium (1 something)
2. deuterium (2 something)
3. tritium (3 something)

Question 6

colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is very flammable

Answer 6

hydrogen

Question 7

hydrogen:
1. melting point
2. boiling point

Answer 7

1. -260 C
2. -252.9 C
   PROBABLY DOESN’T MATTER

Question 8

commercial method of preparing hydrogen by reacting methane with steam

Answer 8

steam forming

Question 9

process of passing an electric current through an electrolyte to cause a nonspontaneous reaction

Answer 9

electrolysis

Question 10

the primary use of hydrogen is _______

Answer 10

the synthesis of ammonia

Question 11

addition of hydrogen to double or triple bonds

Answer 11

hydrogenation

Question 12

true or false: the Haber process, petroleum refining, and palladium all have something to do with hydrogen

Answer 12

true (these terms go with hydrogen but don’t really have definitions)

Question 13

main component of air

Answer 13

nitrogen (78%)

Question 14

process in which atmospheric nitrogen is converted into a form that can be used by plants

Answer 14

nitrogen fixation

Question 15

tasteless, colorless, odorless gas that is a diluent

Answer 15

nitrogen

Question 16

process where nitrogen goes from nitrogen to nitrates to ammonia and so on

Answer 16

nitrogen cycle

Question 17

bacteria that goes with atmospheric nitrogen turning to nitrates

Answer 17

nitrogen-fixing bacteria

Question 18

bacteria with ammonia to nitrates

Answer 18

nitrifying bacteria

Question 19

colorless gas with an irritating odor

Answer 19

ammonia

Question 20

90% of the ammonia we make is used for _______

Answer 20

fertilizer production

Question 21

process in which ammonia is synthesized from hydrogen and nitrogen gases

Answer 21

Haber Process (industrial fixation)

Question 22

Colorless gas with a pleasant odor and sweet taste

Answer 22

Nitrous oxide (N20)

Question 23

very toxic, brownish gas with a choking odor

Answer 23

nitrogen dioxide (NO2)

Question 24

inorganic acid used in the manufacture of fertilizers, dyes, drugs, and explosives and in etching and photoengraving processes

Answer 24

nitric acid (HNO3)

Question 25

main use of nitrogen, by far is ________

Answer 25

the production of ammonia for fertilizers

Question 26

_______ produces nitric acid

Answer 26

Ostwald Process

Question 27

unstable high-energy nitrogen compound that detonates unpredictably with slight shock

Answer 27

nitroglycerin

Question 28

more stable form of nitroglycerin

Answer 28

dynamite

Question 29

tenth most abundant element in the earth's crust

Answer 29

phosphorus

Question 30

element present in all living organisms

Answer 30

phosphorus

Question 31

sixth most abundant element in the human body

Answer 31

phosphorus

Question 32

two or more forms of the same element that differ in their properties but exist in the same physical state

Answer 32

allotropes

Question 33

element known for allotropes

Answer 33

phosphorus (red and white)

Question 34

the major use of elemental phosphorus is _______

Answer 34

the synthesis of phosphoric acid and other phosphorus compounds

Question 35

yellow crystalline compound that is used in strike-anywhere matches

Answer 35

phosphorus trisulfide

Question 36

acid that is used to add tartness in carbonated beverages and, as its salts, is used in many other applications

Answer 36

phosphoric acid

Question 37

any salts of phosphoric acid

Answer 37

phosphates

Question 38

______ prevents the separation of fat and water

Answer 38

emulsifier

Question 39

the main use of phosphates is _______

Answer 39

in fertilizers

Question 40

overabundance of fertilizers in a water system

Answer 40

eutrophication

Question 41

natural and synthetic phosphorus compounds used as agricultural insecticides

Answer 41

organophosphates

Question 42

energy carrier of the cell

Answer 42

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

Question 43

gaseous element that is the most abundant element in the earth’s crust and is a major component of the atmosphere

Answer 43

oxygen

Question 44

oxygen can exist in _____ allotropes

Answer 44

two

Question 45

major form of oxygen in the earth's crust

Answer 45

silicon dioxide