10.2 - continued

Question 1

odorless, tasteless, and colorless gas that is slightly magnetic

Answer 1

oxygen

Question 2

toxic light blue gas with a pungent odor; boiling point of -111 C

Answer 2

ozone

Question 3

true or false: ozone has stronger London forces

Answer 3

true

Question 4

three allotropes of oxygen

Answer 4

“normal” oxides, peroxides, superoxides

Question 5

means burning

Answer 5

combustion

Question 6

compound that is used as a mild antiseptic and to bleach textiles, fur, and hair

Answer 6

hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)

Question 7

colorless, syrupy liquid that is stored in a brown bottle because it is unstable

Answer 7

hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)

Question 8

region of the atmosphere that filters out harmful ultraviolet rays

Answer 8

ozone layer

Question 9

complex molecules known to react and deplete oxygen in the ozone layer

Answer 9

chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

Question 10

treaty signed among nations that banned CFCs

Answer 10

Montreal Protocol

Question 11

yellow element that is used to produce sulfuric acid, to vulcanize rubber, and to prepare various commercial products

Answer 11

sulfur (S)

Question 12

three allotropes of sulfur

Answer 12

1. rhombic
2. monoclinic
3. plastic sulfur

Question 13

process that gathers elemental sulfur from the earth’s crust

Answer 13

Frasch process

Question 14

primary method of sulfur production for most of the 20th century

Answer 14

Frasch process

Question 15

process by which elemental sulfur is produced from hydrogen sulfide removed from petroleum and natural gas

Answer 15

Claus process

Question 16

true or false: the vast majority (over 85%) of sulfur is used to produce sulfuric acid (H2SO4)

Answer 16

true

Question 17

important industrial chemical used in synthesis of various compounds and production of many other products

Answer 17

sulfuric acid (H2SO4)

Question 18

________ industrially produces sulfuric acid

Answer 18

contact process

Question 19

toxic gas that forms when sulfur is burned in the air or when metal sulfides are heated in air

Answer 19

sulfur dioxide (SO2)

Question 20

_____ clean the air of sulfur dioxide

Answer 20

scrubber

Question 21

true or false: acid rain contains hydrogen sulfide

Answer 21

false; it contains sulfur dioxide

Question 22

compound that is a colorless, highly toxic gas with an offensive odor

Answer 22

hydrogen sulfide (H2S)

Question 23

most reactive of any element

Answer 23

fluorine

Question 24

group 17 elements

Answer 24

halogens

Question 25

______ are too reactive to be found naturally in their free state

Answer 25

halogens

Question 26

most reactive element

Answer 26

fluorine

Question 27

prepares fluorine by passing an electric current through a mixture

Answer 27

electrolyzing

Question 28

halogen whose compounds are used as an anticavity ingredient in fluoridated drinking water and toothpaste, as refrigerants, and in various applications

Answer 28

fluorine

Question 29

chemicals used in air conditioners, refrigerators, freezers, and heat pumps to remove heat from the substance to be cooled

Answer 29

refrigerants

Question 30

most widely used refrigerants

Answer 30

freons

Question 31

_______ is used for its chemically inert and nonstick properties

Answer 31

polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)

Question 32

halogen whose compounds include disinfectants (such as bleach), plastics, medicines, and pesticides

Answer 32

chlorine

Question 33

disinfectant that contains chlorine and helps with cleaning

Answer 33

bleach

Question 34

active ingredient in bleach

Answer 34

hypochlorite ion (OCl-)

Question 35

polymer of vinyl chloride that is a durable, chemically inert plastic manufactured from petroleum and rock salt

Answer 35

PVC (polyvinyl chloride)

Question 36

true or false: most medicines in the world either contain chlorine or are manufactured using chlorine

Answer 36

true (around 85%)

Question 37

used to kill mosquitos, but is banned in the US because of its potential effects on people

Answer 37

DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane)

Question 38

halogen whose compounds are used for firefighting, synthesis of dyes, and pharmaceuticals

Answer 38

bromine

Question 39

firefighting form of bromine

Answer 39

halons

Question 40

halogen that is used in the production of antiseptics and is an important component of the hormone thyroxine

Answer 40

iodine

Question 41

______ is used in drawing blood

Answer 41

tincture of iodine

Question 42

true or false: iodine affects thyroxine and can somehow cause a goiter

Answer 42

true