test 10

Question 1

reaction that occurs in only one direction

Answer 1

irreversible reaction

Question 2

reactions that may be made to go either direction

Answer 2

reversible reaction

Question 3

discovered hydrogen

Answer 3

Sir Henry Cavendish

Question 4

matter is free to enter or leave

Answer 4

open system

Question 5

state in which the rates of reaction in opposite directions are equal and there is no change in the amounts or concentrations of the substances involved

Answer 5

chemical equilibrium

Question 6

true or false: at equilibrium, the reactions between reactants and products cease

Answer 6

false; they continue, but exactly oppose one another

Question 7

any change that upsets a reaction in equilibrium by making the rates of the forward and reverse reactions unequal

Answer 7

stress

Question 8

when a stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, the system will react in such a way that the stress is at least partially offset

Answer 8

Le Chatelier’s principle (Henri Le Chatelier)

Question 9

true or false: a catalyst affects the final concentrations reached at equilibrium

Answer 9

false; no shift

Question 10

equation relating equilibrium concentrations to a constant

Answer 10

equilibrium constant expression

Question 11

describes the relative equilibrium concentrations of the reactants and products at equilibrium

Answer 11

equilibrium constant (K)

Question 12

true or false: large K values tend to go to completion

Answer 12

true

Question 13

equilibrium constant for a solution equilibrium

Answer 13

solubility product constant

Question 14

characteristics of acids

Answer 14

1. sour taste
2. react with metals to produce hydrogen gas
3. react with litmus to turn blue litmus red

Question 15

characteristics of bases

Answer 15

1. bitter taste
2. slippery
3. neutralizes acids
4. turns red litmus blue

Question 16

definitions of acids and bases are based on the ions they produce in aqueous solution

Answer 16

Arrhenius concept

Question 17

substance that produces hydrogen ions when dissolved in water

Answer 17

acid (Arrhenius concept)

Question 18

substance that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water

Answer 18

base (Arrhenius concept)

Question 19

acids produce _______ ions

Answer 19

hydrogen (H+)

Question 20

bases produce ______ ions

Answer 20

hydroxide (OH-)

Question 21

hydronium ion

Answer 21

H3O+

Question 22

substance that can donate a proton to another substance

Answer 22

Bronsted-Lowry acid

Question 23

substance that can accept a proton from another substance

Answer 23

Bronsted-Lowry base

Question 24

formed when a Bronsted-Lowry acid loses its proton

Answer 24

conjugate base

Question 25

formed when a Bronsted-Lowry base gains a proton

Answer 25

conjugate acid

Question 26

acids that are compounds of hydrogen and one other element, generally another nonmetal but sometimes a semimetal

Answer 26

binary acids

Question 27

four parts of naming acids

Answer 27

1. prefix hydro- 2. stem or root of the name of the nonmetal 3. suffix -ic 4. word acid

Question 28

acid that can lose only one proton

Answer 28

monoprotic acid

Question 29

acid that can lose two protons

Answer 29

diprotic acid

Question 30

acid that can lose three protons

Answer 30

triprotic acids

Question 31

acids that lose two or more protons upon complete ionization

Answer 31

polyprotic acids

Question 32

more products than reactants, lie to the _______

Answer 32

right