11.2-3

Question 1

second most abundant metal

Answer 1

iron (most widely used metal in the form of steel)

Question 2

cheapest metal

Answer 2

iron

Question 3

most common form of iron ore

Answer 3

hematite

Question 4

fool’s gold

Answer 4

pyrite

Question 5

________ is used to refine iron ore through reactions involving coke, limestone, and heated oxygen

Answer 5

blast furnace

Question 6

form of carbon used with a blast furnace

Answer 6

coke

Question 7

impure part of iron in blast furnace that is purged

Answer 7

slag

Question 8

uncooled molten iron produced by a blast furnace

Answer 8

pig iron

Question 9

ten percent of the iron we produce; very hard form of iron that isn’t very malleable; cooled version of pig iron

Answer 9

cast iron

Question 10

method in which natural gas is used to reduce iron ore to sponge iron

Answer 10

direct iron reduction

Question 11

powdery form of iron produced from direct iron reduction that is used for the making of steel

Answer 11

sponge iron

Question 12

alloy of iron and less than 2% carbon

Answer 12

steel

Question 13

process using pure oxygen in a furnace lined with refractory bricks to refine pig iron to steel

Answer 13

basic oxygen process

Question 14

steel-refining process in which an electric arc between giant carbon electrodes provides the heat to melt the metal

Answer 14

electric arc process

Question 15

process in which internal stresses are removed from a piece of steel by heating it to 700-800 C for up to several hours and then slowly cooling it

Answer 15

annealing

Question 16

method of hardening a piece of steel in which the metal is bent or hammered into its final shape at a relatively low temperature (below 300 C)

Answer 16

cold working (cold forging, cold rolling, and drawing)

Question 17

process of hardening a piece of steel by cooling it quickly in a bath of cold water or oil

Answer 17

quenching

Question 18

process in which hardened steel is made less brittle by gently heating it to a moderate temperature and allowing it to cool

Answer 18

tempering

Question 19

process that hardens the surface of steel while leaving the interior resilient by heating the object to a high temperature in a carbon-rich environment

Answer 19

case hardening

Question 20

metal that is a good conductor of electricity and heat and is the primary component of brass and bronze

Answer 20

copper

Question 21

second best conducting metal

Answer 21

copper (main metal used for wiring and piping)

Question 22

bluish-green coating of copper that forms to prevent further reaction

Answer 22

patina

Question 23

copper with the alloying metal of zinc

Answer 23

brass

Question 24

copper with the alloying metal of tin

Answer 24

bronze

Question 25

valued for their appearance, durability, workability, and scarcity

Answer 25

precious metals

Question 26

process of extracting gold and silver from low-grade ores by reacting ore with aqueous sodium cyanide and treating the mixture with activated charcoal

Answer 26

cyanide process

Question 27

most malleable and ductile metal known

Answer 27

gold

Question 28

measure the purity of gold

Answer 28

karats

Question 29

alloy of gold and nickel

Answer 29

white gold

Question 30

most reflective metal

Answer 30

silver

Question 31

best-known conductor of heat and electricity at normal temperatures

Answer 31

silver (sterling silver is most valuable alloy)

Question 32

alloy of mercury and silver

Answer 32

amalgam

Question 33

precious metal used primarily as a catalyst in pollution-control devices and in the production of petroleum products

Answer 33

platinum

Question 34

densest naturally occurring element

Answer 34

osmium

Question 35

strong, lightweight, heat-resistant metal widely used in helicopters, airplanes, and spacecraft

Answer 35

titanium

Question 36

transition metal used as a fuel in nuclear power plants and prized for its density

Answer 36

uranium

Question 37

semimetal that is used in the manufacture of computer chips

Answer 37

silicon (major component of silicates, glass, and silicones)

Question 38

compounds containing metals and silicon-oxygen groups

Answer 38

silicates

Question 39

uncommon semimetal primarily used in semiconductors

Answer 39

germanium

Question 40

substances with electrical conductivity intermediate between conductors and insulators

Answer 40

semiconductors

Question 41

most important uses of silicon

Answer 41

manufacture of computer chips and other electronic devices

Question 42

formed when silicon is reacted with gaseous hydrogen chloride

Answer 42

trichlorosilane

Question 43

chain of silicates with half the tetrahedrons sharing 2 oxygen atoms and the other half share 3 oxygen atoms

Answer 43

amphibole asbestos

Question 44

sheets of silicates

Answer 44

mica and talc

Question 45

three-dimensional networks or polymers of silicates in which all four oxygen atoms are shared between tetrahedrons

Answer 45

silica

Question 46

the main form of silica

Answer 46

quartz

Question 47

amorphous, transparent solid formed from silica that has melted and cooled

Answer 47

glass

Question 48

90% of our glass

Answer 48

soda lime glass

Question 49

polysilicate mineral formed by heat and pressure within the earth’s crust; causes lung diseases

Answer 49

asbestos

Question 50

1. safer form of asbestos 2. worse form of asbestos

Answer 50

1. chrysotile 2. crocidolite