1
Q
alkali metals used in the manufacture of drugs and dyes
A
sodium
2
Q
alkali metal that is an alloy with aluminum that forms a very strong, lightweight metal used in aircraft and spacecraft
A
lithium
3
Q
two alkali metals used to remove oxygen from vacuum tubes
A
rubidium and cesium
4
Q
alkali metals are most commonly used in _________
A
their compounds
5
Q
sodium compound that is used in the preparation of many products and is a primary ingredient in many drain and oven cleaners
A
sodium hydroxide
6
Q
main component of fertilizers
A
potash
7
Q
group 2 metals
A
alkaline earth metals
8
Q
harder and denser than alkali metals but still softer and less dense than most metals
A
alkaline earth metals
9
Q
all the alkaline earth metals except __________ are prepared by the electrolysis of the molten chloride at high temperature
A
beryllium
10
Q
forms scummy deposits due to the presence of calcium, magnesium, or iron (II) ions
A
hard water
11
Q
synthetic organic polymers that soften water by replacing hard-water ions with other ions
A
ion-exchange resins
12
Q
alkaline earth metal used in windows and x-ray tubes
A
beryllium
13
Q
alkaline earth metal that burns in the air with a bright white flame
A
magnesium
14
Q
true or false: more important than the free alkaline earth metals are their compounds
A
true
15
Q
essential component of bones and teeth that is also involved in nerve excitation, vision, and muscle contraction
A
calcium ion
16
Q
main component of limestone that is used extensively in iron ore reduction and in cement manufacture
A
calcium carbonate
17
Q
most abundant metal in the earth’s crust
A
aluminum (main-group metal)
18
Q
major aluminum ore
A
bauxite
19
Q
light, silvery-white metal that is the third most abundant element
A
aluminum
20
Q
process in which pure aluminum metal is produced from alumina by electrolysis
A
Hall-Heroult process
21
Q
highly exothermic reaction of aluminum powder with oxygen from iron (III) oxide
A
thermite process
22
Q
dense metal used in car and truck batteries, weights, small-arms ammunition, and radiation shielding
A
lead
23
Q
second most abundant metal
A
iron
24
Q
cheapest metal
A
iron
25
most common form of iron ore
hematite
26
silvery-white metal that is the second most abundant metal and, in the form of steel, the most widely used
iron
27
fool's gold
pyrite
28
used to refine iron ore through reactions involving coke, limestone, and heated oxygen
blast furnace (older method but more commonly used)
29
carbon used in a blast furnace
coke
30
uncooled molten iron produced by a blast furnace
pig iron
31
ten percent of the iron we produce; very hard form of iron that isn’t very malleable; cooled version of pig iron
cast iron
32
method in which natural gas is used to convert iron ore to sponge iron
direct iron reduction
33
powdery form of iron that is used for the making of steel
sponge iron
34
alloy of iron and less than 2% carbon
steel
35
process that uses a furnace lined with refractory bricks to refine pig iron to steel; no outside heat source
basic oxygen process
36
steel-refining process in which giant carbon electrodes provide the heat to melt the metal
electric arc process
37
process in which internal stresses are removed from a piece of steel by heating it to 700-800 C for up to several hours and then slowly cooling it
annealing
38
method of hardening a piece of steel in which the metal is bent or hammered into its final shape at a relatively low temperature (below 300 C)
cold working
39
process of hardening a piece of steel by cooling it quickly in a bath of cold water or oil
quenching
40
process in which hardened steel is made less brittle by gently heating it to a moderate temperature and allowing it to cool
tempering
41
process that hardens the surface of steel while leaving the interior resilient by heating the object to a high temperature in a carbon-rich environment
case hardening
42
metal that is the second best conductor of electricity and heat
copper
43
second best conducting metal
copper (main metal used for wiring and piping)
44
bluish-green coating of copper that forms to prevent further reaction
patina
45
copper alloy with zinc
brass
46
copper alloy with tin
bronze
47
valued for their appearance, durability, workability, and scarcity
precious metals (know the platinum group)
48
process of extracting gold and silver from low-grade ores
cyanide process
49
soft, yellow, highly lustrous, precious metal that is the most malleable and ductile metal known
gold
50
measure the purity of gold
karats
51
alloy of gold and nickel
white gold
52
relatively soft, lustrous, and malleable precious metal that is the most reflective metal and the best known conductor of heat and electricity at normal temperatures
silver (sterling silver is most famous form/alloy)
53
metal mixture of mercury
amalgam
54
precious metal used primarily as a catalyst in pollution-control devices and in the production of petroleum products; catalytic converters
platinum
55
densest naturally occurring element
osmium
56
strong, lightweight, heat-resistant metal widely used in helicopters, airplanes, and spacecraft
titanium
57
transition metal used as a fuel in nuclear power plants and prized for its density
uranium
58
semimetal that is used in the manufacture of computer chips and is a major component of silicates, glass, and silicones
silicon
59
compounds containing metals and silicon-oxygen groups
silicates
60
uncommon semimetal primarily used in semiconductors
germanium
61
substances with electrical conductivity intermediate between conductors and insulators
semiconductors
62
one of the most important uses of silicon is __________
in the manufacture of computer chips and other electronic devices
63
chain with half the tetrahedrons sharing 2 oxygen atoms and the other half share 3 oxygen atoms
amphibole asbestos
64
three-dimensional networks or polymers of silicates in which all four oxygen atoms are shared between tetrahedrons
silica
65
main form of silica
quartz
66
amorphous, transparent solid formed from silica that has melted and cooled
glass
67
90% of our glass
soda lime glass
68
polysilicate mineral formed by heat and pressure within the earth’s crust
asbestos
69
polysilicate once used for firefighting that causes lung diseases
asbestos
70
relatively rare semimetal commonly found as the mineral borax that is used for firefighting
boron
71
chief use of boron
borosilicate glass
72
occurs when a solute is pulled apart into a liquid
dissolve
73
the same amount all the way throughout
homogeneous
74
homogeneous mixture of two or more substances that form a liquid or solid phase
solution
75
substance that does the dissolving
solvent
76
substance being dissolved
solute
77
liquids that are completely soluble in each other
miscible
78
liquids that do not dissolve in each other to any significant extent
immiscible
79
process in which solute molecules or ions are surrounded by solvent molecules
solvation
80
solvation with water as the solvent
hydration
81
separation of an ionic compound into ions when solvated
dissociation
82
separation of a molecular compound into ions when solvated
ionization
83
three ways to speed up dissolving
1. stir
2. crush/grind
3. increase temperature
84
disorder in the universe
entropy
85
true or false: the more alike two molecules are, the more likely they are to form a solution
true; like dissolves like
86
process of a dissolved solute returning to its crystalline form
crystallization
87
situation in which the rate of crystallization equals the rate of dissolution and the amount of undissolved solid remains constant
solution equilibrium
88
state in which two opposite processes are continuously occurring at equal rates so that they offset each other
dynamic equilibrium
89
true or false: solution equilibrium is not an example of dynamic equilibrium
false; it is an example
90
solution containing all the solute possible under equilibrium conditions at a given temperature
saturated solution
91
amount of solute present in a saturated solution
solubility
92
solution containing less solute than it could at equilibrium at a specific temperature
unsaturated
93
solution containing more solute than it could under equilibrium conditions at a specific temperature
supersaturated
94
law stating that at a given temperature, the equilibrium concentration of a gas dissolved in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas
Henry's law
95
the higher the partial pressure of a gas, the _______ the solubility of the gas at a given temperature
greater
96
the solubilities of gases _______ with increasing temperature
decrease
97
most solid solutes have _________ solubility in a liquid such as water as the temperature increases
greater
98
practical use for negative and positive enthalpies of solution
instant hot packs and instant cold packs
99
any of the several ways of expressing the quantity of solute present in a given quantity of solution (or solvent)
concentration
100
to water down
dilute
101
ratio of the mole amount of a solute to the volume of the solution
molarity (M)
102
formula for molarity
M = n / V
so find n by mass/molar mass, then divide by L
103
unit of molarity
molar (M); M = mol/L
104
dilution formula
V1M1 = V2M2
105
ratio of solute mole amount to solvent mass
molality (b)
106
formula for molality
b = n (solute) / m (solvent)
basically, mass/molar mass then take this number and divide by the kg of solvent
107
unit of molality
molal (m); m = mol/kg
108
any property of solution that depends on the number of dissolved particles, not on their identity or properties
colligative property
109
pressure exerted by a vapor when it is in equilibrium with a liquid phase of the same substance
vapor pressure
110
true or false: the higher the temperature, the lower the vapor pressure
false; the higher the temperature, the higher the vapor pressure
11th Chemistry
flashcards
Decks in class (27)
# Cards
-
pages 1-10 quiz35
-
11-1636
-
test 195
-
mas info90
-
40-5023
-
ch 415
-
test 246
-
5.1-5.228
-
test 3126
-
6.1-236
-
test 465
-
7.1-255
-
7.3-8.229
-
9.1-9.237
-
MIDTERM99
-
9.322
-
10.1-10.245
-
10.2 - continued42
-
test 7105
-
11.320
-
11.2-350
-
12.1-229
-
test 8110
-
12.4-13.140
-
test 9119
-
test 1032
-
strong acids and bases4
