1
Q
branch of science that deals with the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and the changes that matter undergoes
A
chemistry
2
Q
systematic study of God’s universe and how it works
A
science
3
Q
tentative explanation
A
hypothesis
4
Q
artificial situation to test a hypothesis
A
experiment
5
Q
a scientist will obtain consistent results if he performs the same experiment many times, keeping all factors as similar as possible between experiments
A
repeatability
6
Q
the ability of other scientists to reach the same conclusion by performing the same experiment under different conditions and by performing to test the same hypothesis
A
reproducibilty
7
Q
factors that the experimenter can potentially control to test his hypothesis
A
variables
8
Q
a factor that is observed or measured to determine the results of an experiment
A
dependent variable
9
Q
the factor that is changed to test the hypothesis
A
independent variable
10
Q
factors that are the same in all groups
A
controlled variable
11
Q
the groups in an experiment
A
experimental group
12
Q
group in which an independent variable is absent
A
control group
13
Q
rules of conduct that apply to a member of society or to someone in a particular vocation
A
ethics
14
Q
specific, empirical description of the way that some aspect of the universe consistently behaves
A
law
15
Q
general explanation of why some part of the universe behaves the way it does
A
theory
16
Q
says that universe is orderly and operates according to physical laws
A
principle of causality (law of cause and effect)
17
Q
4 limitations of science
A
- scope of science limited to present
- approximations
- assumptions
- bias
18
Q
2 reasons to study science
A
- glorify God
- benefit mankind
19
Q
use of science to solve practical problems
A
technology
20
Q
the language of science
A
mathematics
21
Q
measure of the consistency or reproducibility of a measurement
A
precision
22
Q
how close a measurement is to the actual, exact value
A
accuracy
23
Q
values that have no uncertainty, such as ones obtained by counting or set by a definition
A
exact numbers
24
Q
comparison of mass to volume
A
density (ρ = m / V)
25
SI unit of absolute temperature
Kelvin
26
the base unit of time in both the FPS system and the SI
second
27
anything that occupies space and has mass
matter
28
energy of motion
kinetic energy
29
state of matter that is characterized by a definite shape and volume
solid
30
state of matter characterized by a definite volume, but no definite shape
liquid
31
state of matter characterized by neither a definite volume nor a definite shape
gas
32
state of matter that is a hot gas in which atoms are partially broken down to form charged particles
plasma
33
form of matter with unique properties that make it different from every other substance
substance
34
any of the smallest particles into which an element can be divided and still remain that element
atoms
35
substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means
elements
36
groups of two or more atoms that are linked by chemical bonds to form distinct units
molecules
37
substance that can be decomposed by chemical means into simpler substances
compound
38
grouping of symbols that tells what types of atoms compose a compound and the number of each type of atom in one molecule of the compound
formula
39
substance that is composed of the same kind of matter throughout
homogeneous
40
mixture that consists of pure substances that are incompletely mixed
heterogeneous
41
states that everything is made up of atoms
atomic theory
42
created the atomic theory
John Dalton
43
law stating that the masses of each element in a given compound always have the same ratio
law of definite composition
44
law stating that when two elements can combine to form more than one compound, the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other element are in a ratio of small whole numbers
law of multiple proportions
45
an insoluble solid that comes out of a liquid solution
precipitate
46
particles of matter smaller than atoms
subatomic particles
47
negative subatomic particle
electron
48
positively charged subatomic particle
proton
49
center of an atom
nucleus
50
developed the planetary model
Rutherford
51
uncharged particle found in an atom
neutron
52
building blocks of protons and neutrons
quarks
53
number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
atomic number
54
total number of nucleons (protons and neutrons) in an atom
mass number
55
any of several forms of an element that have different mass numbers
isotopes
56
atom or molecule that has a different number of electrons and protons, and therefore has an electric charge
ion
57
negatively charged ion
anion
58
positively charged ion
cation
59
mass of a single atom
atomic mass
60
average mass of an element’s atoms, based on the naturally occurring mixture of isotopes
average atomic mass
61
ratio of average atomic mass to 1 u
atomic weight
62
Avogadro's number
6.022 x 10^23
63
compounds composed of distinct units called molecules
molecular compounds
64
compounds composed of a vast array of ions
ionic compounds
65
formula that shows only the simplest ratio of atoms in a compound
empirical formula
66
simplest ratio of atoms in an ionic compound
formula unit
67
a _____ consists of several atoms that act as a single ion
polyatomic ion
68
sum of the average atomic masses of all the atoms in the formula of a compound
formula mass
69
Avogadro’s number of anything
mole
70
mass per mole of a substance
molar mass
71
true or false: 1 g/mol (molar mass unit) = 1 u (formula unit)
true
72
chemical changes caused by collisions between atoms or molecules
chemical reaction
73
study of numerical relationships between elements and compounds
stoichiometry
74
symbolic representation of a chemical reaction
chemical equation
75
__1__ are on the left of a chemical equation; __2__ are on the right
1. reactants
2. products
76
says that atoms are not created or destroyed in chemical reactions, only rearranged
law of conservation of mass
77
describes a chemical equation with the same number of atoms of each element on each side of the arrow
balanced
78
do not change which part of a chemical equation
subscripts
79
reaction in which two or more substances chemically combine to form one new substance
combination reaction
80
A + B -> AB
combination reaction
81
reaction that involves the breakdown of a single reactant compound into two or more simpler substances
decomposition reaction
82
AB -> A + B
decomposition reaction
83
reaction that involves replacing one element in a compound with another
single-displacement reaction
84
A + BC -> B + AC
single-displacement reaction
85
reaction in which the positive and negative parts of two ionic compounds are interchanged
double-displacement reaction
86
AB + CD -> AD + CB
double-displacement reaction
87
ratio of the coefficients of any two substances in a chemical reaction
mole ratio
88
amounts matching the ratios from the balanced equation
stoichiometric amounts
89
reactant that determines the amount of product that can be formed when stoichiometric amounts of all reactants are not present
limiting reactant
90
the reactant giving the small amount of the product
limiting reactant
91
a gas is greatly affected by both ____ and _____ changes
pressure and temperature
92
says that gas molecules are in constant, rapid motion, moving in straight lines until they collide with each other or with a solid or liquid
kinetic theory of matter
93
gas that obeys exactly the assumptions of the kinetic theory
ideal gas
94
formula for kinetic energy
Ek = ½mv^2
95
pressure formula
P = F/A
96
SI unit of pressure
Pascal
97
proportion in which a change in one variable requires a similar change in the other variable
direct proportion
98
proportion in which a change in one variable requires an inverse or reciprocal change in the other variable
inverse proportion
99
k = x/y
direct proportion
100
k = xy
inverse proportion
101
device used to measure the pressure exerted by the collisions of gas molecules in our atmosphere
barometer
102
created the mercury barometer
Evangeliste Torricelli
103
standard pressure unit (millimeters of mercury)
760 mmHg
104
standard pressure unit (standard atmosphere)
1 atm
105
standard pressure unit (torr)
760 torr
106
standard pressure unit (bar)
1.01325 bar
107
standard pressure unit (Pascal)
101,325 Pa
108
laboratory device used to measure the pressure of gas samples by comparing the heights of two mercury columns
manometer
109
two types of manometer
open-end and closed-end manometers
110
law stating that at constant temperature, the volume of a given amount of gas varies inversely with pressure
Boyle's law
111
Boyle's law
P1V1 = P2V2
112
law stating that at constant pressure, the volume of a given amount of gas varies directly with absolute temperature
Charles's law
113
V1/T1 = V2/T2
Charles's law
114
temperatures of gases must be in ______
Kelvin
115
STP (standard temperature and pressure) conditions
0 degrees C and 100 kPa (or 273.15 K and 1 atm)
116
law stating that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules
Avogadro's law
117
Avogadro's law formula
V1/n1 = V2/n2 (n = number of moles)
118
volume per mole of gas (or any other substance) under specified conditions
molar volume
119
true or false: for gases that behave very close to ideal, the molar volume at STP is about 22.71 L/mol
true
120
ideal gas law formula
PV = nRT
121
constant in the ideal gas law, relating the pressure, volume, amount, and temperature of a gas
gas constant (R)
122
numerical values of the gas constant (R)
8.314 L x kPa/(K x mol)
.0821 L x atm/ (K x mol)
123
process of mixing molecules of one substance through another by random molecular motion
diffusion (faster in gases)
124
partial representation of something else
model
125
molar volume under STP conditions
22.71 L/mol
126
volume at absolute zero in Charles's law is ______
zero
11th Chemistry
flashcards
Decks in class (27)
# Cards
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pages 1-10 quiz35
-
11-1636
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test 195
-
mas info90
-
40-5023
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ch 415
-
test 246
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5.1-5.228
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test 3126
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6.1-236
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test 465
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7.1-255
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7.3-8.229
-
9.1-9.237
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MIDTERM99
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9.322
-
10.1-10.245
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10.2 - continued42
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test 7105
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11.320
-
11.2-350
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12.1-229
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test 8110
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12.4-13.140
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test 9119
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test 1032
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strong acids and bases4
