11th Chemistry > test 1 > Flashcards

test 1 Flashcards

(95 cards)

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1
Q

branch of science that deals with the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and the changes that matter undergoes

A

chemistry

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2
Q

branch of chemistry that deals with applying the theories of physics to the study of reactions and properties of matter

A

physical chemistry

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3
Q

chemistry that deals with substances that are compounds of carbon

A

organic chemistry

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4
Q

chemistry that deals with substances that chemical combinations of elements other carbon

A

inorganic chemistry

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5
Q

chemistry of living things

A

biochemistry

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6
Q

chemistry that deals with identifying what substances are present in materials and how much of each substance is present

A

analytical chemistry

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7
Q

systematic study of God’s universe and how it works

A

science

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8
Q

scientific method 3 steps

A
  1. observe
  2. hypothesize
  3. experiment
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9
Q

tentative explanation

A

hypothesis

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10
Q

artificial situation to test a hypothesis

A

experiment

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11
Q

a scientist will obtain consistent results if he performs the same experiment many times, keeping all factors as similar as possible between experiments

A

Repeatability

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12
Q

the ability of other scientists to reach the same conclusion by performing the same experiment under different conditions and by performing to test the same hypothesis

A

reproducibility

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13
Q

factors that the experimenter can potentially control to test his hypothesis

A

variables

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14
Q

a factor that is observed or measured to determine the results of an experiment

A

dependent variable

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15
Q

the factor that is changed to test the hypothesis

A

independent variable

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16
Q

how many independent variables should be in an experiment?

A

one

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17
Q

factors that are the same in all groups

A

controlled variable

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18
Q

the groups in an experiment that are actually being tested (have an independent variable)

A

experimental groups

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19
Q

group in which an independent variable is absent

A

control group

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20
Q

rules of conduct that apply to a member of society or to someone in a particular vocation

A

ethics

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21
Q

specific, empirical description of the way that some aspect of the universe consistently behaves

A

law

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22
Q

general explanation of why some part of the universe behaves the way it does

A

theory

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23
Q

states that the universe is orderly and operates according to physical laws

A

principle of causality (law of cause and effect)

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24
Q

a partial representation of an object

A

model

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25
limitations of science
scope of science, assumptions, bias, approximations
26
reasons for science
glorify God and benefit mankind
27
use of science to solve practical problems
technology
28
method used to develop technology
engineering design process
29
3 steps of engineering design
1. define the problem 2. design a solution 3. evaluate the solution
30
the language of science
mathematics
31
measure of the consistency or reproducibility of a measurement
precision
32
how close a measurement is to the actual, exact value
accuracy
33
values that have no uncertainty, such as ones obtained by counting or set by a definition
exact numbers
34
collection of compatible, related units that can be used to measure various quantities
system of measurement
35
system of measure used in the US
FPS system
36
worldwide system of measurement
metric system
37
system with meticulously defined standards for all units
SI system
38
attached to a basic unit’s name to change its value
prefix
39
know prefixes, but more importantly, know formulas
40
standard SI unit of length
meter (m)
41
metric unit of volume
liter (L)
42
quantity of matter in an object
mass (m)
43
force of gravity upon an object
weight
44
SI unit of mass
kilogram (kg)
45
comparison of mass to volume
density
46
property that depends on the size of the object
extensive property
47
property that does not depend on an object's size
intensive property
48
coldest possible temperature
absolute zero (0 K)
49
most common temperature scale
Celsius
50
SI unit of absolute temperature
Kelvin
51
the base unit of time in both the FPS system and the SI
second (s)
52
technique for unit conversion in which the given value is multiplied by one or more conversion factors
dimensional analysis
53
form for writing very large or very small numbers as a number between 1 and 10 multiplied by a power of 10
scientific notation
54
a measurement’s certain digits and the first uncertain digit
significant digits
55
anything that occupies space and has mass
matter
56
forms that matter can exist in
states
57
states of matter depend on _____
temperature
58
energy of motion
kinetic energy
59
state of matter that is characterized by a definite shape and volume
solid
60
state of matter characterized by a definite volume, but no definite shape
liquid
61
state of matter characterized by neither a definite volume nor a definite shape
gas
62
state of matter that is a hot gas in which atoms are partially broken down to form charged particles
plasma (found in stars; most common state of matter)
63
form of matter with unique properties that make it different from every other substance
substance
64
any of the smallest particles into which an element can be divided and still remain that element
atoms
65
substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means
elements
66
unique symbol assigned to an element
atomic symbol
67
groups of two or more atoms that are linked by chemical bonds to form distinct units
molecules
68
most abundant element by mass
oxygen
69
most abundant element in the earth’s surface
iron
70
most abundant element in the universe
hydrogen
71
substance that can be decomposed by chemical means into simpler substances
compound
72
two or more elements bonded together
compound
73
grouping of symbols that tells what types of atoms compose a compound and the number of each type of atom in one molecule of the compound
formula
74
substances that have a definite composition and are homogeneous; an element or compound
pure substances
75
substance that is composed of the same kind of matter throughout
homogeneous
76
substance consisting of two or more pure substances that are physically mixed but not chemically combined
mixture
77
mixture that consists of pure substances that are incompletely mixed
heterogeneous
78
homogeneous part of a system that is in contact with but physically distinct from other parts of the system
phase
79
created the atomic theory
John Dalton
80
states that everything is composed of atoms
atomic theory
81
law stating that the masses of each element in a given compound always have the same ratio
law of definite composition
82
law stating that when two elements can combine to form more than one compound, the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other element are in a ratio of small whole numbers
law of multiple proportions
83
_____ describes a substance's appearance
physical property
84
_____ describe how matter reacts to change into other chemically different substances having different properties
chemical property
85
changes in the physical appearance of matter that do not change the identity or chemical composition of a substance
physical change
86
changes in which a substance becomes a different substance with a different composition and properties
chemical change
87
4 signs of chemical change
1. formation of a gas 2. formation of a precipitate 3. liberation or absorption of heat, light, or some other form of energy 4. a distinct change in color
88
particles of matter smaller than atoms
subatomic particles
89
negative subatomic particle
electron
90
proved that electrons are negative; plum pudding model
JJ Thomson
91
positively charged subatomic particle
proton
92
small, central core of an atom containing virtually all of the mass and all of the positive charge
nucleus
93
designed the planetary model of the atom
Rutherford
94
uncharged particle found in an atom
neutron
95
building blocks of protons and neutrons
quarks up quarks = +2/3 down quarks = -1/3
11th Chemistry
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