What is important regarding the ribs in these radiographs?
young dog; costal cartilages have not mineralized at all
What is important regarding the ribs in these radiographs?
middle-aged dog; costal cartilages have mineralized but not excessively
What is important regarding the ribs in these radiographs?
old dog; costal cartilages show irregular, exuberant mineralization
What is shown in this image?
pectus excavatum
-dorsal displacement of sternum
What is shown in this image?
pectus carinatum
-part of sternum bulges out
-often incidental
What is the chronicity of these rib fractures?
Left: acute
-displacement
-sharp margins
Right: chronic
-callus formation
What is shown in these images?
free-floating rib fragment causing flail chest
What are the characteristics of thoracic wall masses/extrapleural masses?
-mass arising in thoracic wall
-will deform thoracic wall
-recognized by extrapleural sign
-intact parietal pleura contains the mass
-mass will indent lung but be confluent with thoracic wall
-can be tumors or abscesses
How can a pulmonary mass be differentiated from an extrapleural mass?
-pulmonary: forms an acute angle with thoracic wall
-extrapleural: forms obtuse angle with thoracic wall and has broad-based attachment
What type of thoracic mass is this?
extrapleural:
-obtuse angle with thoracic wall
-broad-based attachment
What type of thoracic mass is this?
pulmonary:
-acute angle with thoracic wall
What are the signs that this is a thoracic wall mass?
-bony involvement/lysis (ribs)
-broad-based
-extends into subcutaneous tissue
What is shown in these images?
metastatic rib tumors; small, subtle, lytic lesions
What are the signs of diaphragmatic hernia?
-inability to clearly identify diaphragm and/or abnormal contour of diaphragm
-displacement or lack of organs in abdominal cavity
-visualization of organs in thoracic cavity which do not belong there
What is shown in these images?
acquired (traumatic) diaphragmatic hernia
-abnormal soft tissue content in thoracic cavity
-no diaphragm outline noted
-shifted gastric axis
What is shown in these images?
acquired (traumatic) diaphragmatic hernia
-small intestine present within chest cavity and dilated
What are the other methods for identifying diaphragmatic hernia besides survey radiographs?
-contrast procedures
-positive contrast celiogram/peritoneogram
-horizontal beam radiography
-ultrasound/CT
What are the characteristics of horizontal beam radiography?
-done when diaphragm is partially obscured by soft tissue opacity
-lateral radiograph with dog in dorsal recumbency or a standing view
-pleural effusion should redistribute and reveal diaphragm
-herniated organs will remain ventrally located
What is shown in these images?
congenital diaphragmatic hernia
-“true” hernia: looks like a mass
-often in right ventral diaphragm
What is shown in these images?
sliding hiatal hernia:
-at esophageal hiatus
-stomach slips through hiatus
-often incidental finding
What is shown in these images?
peritoneo-pericardial diaphragmatic hernia
-can be incidental
-connection between pericardium and peritoneal cavity
-enlarged cardiac silhouette + absence of abdominal organs
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