What are the characteristics of otitis externa?
-inflammation of external auditory canal
-may be present in the absence of radiographic signs, esp. if acute
-can see narrowing/occlusion of external ear canal with chronic cases
-can see mineralization of ear canal walls with chronic cases
What is shown in this image?
otitis externa:
-soft tissue opaque ear canals rather than air-filled
-large, chronic mineralizations in both external ear canals
What is shown in this image?
otitis externa:
-mineralization associated with both ear canals
What are the characteristics of otitis media?
-inflammation of middle ear
-often sequela of otitis externa
-may be present in the absence of radiographic signs
-soft tissue opacity within tympanic bulla
-thickened, irregular, sclerotic bulla wall/bulla osteitis
-increased opacity of petrous temporal bone
What is shown in this image?
otitis media:
-sclerosis of right tympanic bulla
-left bulla is almost normal
What is shown in this image?
otitis media:
-sclerosis of right petrous temporal bone
-thickened right bulla wall compared to the left
What is shown in these images?
Left:
-normal
Right:
-otitis media
-thickening and increased opacity of superimposed abnormal bulla/bullae
What is shown in these images?
Left:
-normal
Right:
-otitis media
-bullae with increased opacity; especially right side
What is shown in these images?
Left:
-normal
Right:
-nasopharyngeal polyp
What are the characteristics of tumors of the ear?
-mostly soft tissue tumors
-unilateral
-soft tissue opacity/mass in ear canal
-can occlude or compress normal air-filled lumen
-dystrophic mineralization within soft tissue mass
-possible lysis of bulla or adjacent bony structures
What is shown in these images?
tumor of the ear:
-large soft tissue mass/swelling where right ear canal should be
-marked lysis of tympanic bulla
What is shown in these images?
Left:
-normal left bulla
Right:
-missing right bulla due to SCC of right ear
What are the normal tooth anatomy structures labelled in these images?
Yellow Arrows: alveolar crest
Blue Arrows: lamina dura
Red Arrows: periodontal membrane
What are the two components of periodontal disease?
-gingivitis: inflammation of the gums
-periodontitis: loss of bone and soft tissue around the teeth
What is the pathogenesis of periodontal disease?
-chronic infection
-inflammation and destruction of periodontal ligament
-resorption of the wall of alveoli and teeth loosening
What are the radiographic signs of periodontal dz?
-resorption and erosion of alveolar crest
-widening of periodontal space
-loss of lamina dura
-rarefaction and progressive destruction of alveolar bone
-tooth loss
-tooth root resorption
-pulpitis
-periapical abscesses
-osteomyelitis
-rhinitis
-pathologic fractures
What is shown in this image?
periodontal dz:
-regression of alveolar crest
What is shown in this image?
periodontal dz:
-widening of periodontal space
What is shown in this image?
periodontal dz:
-loss of lamina dura
-rarefaction of alveolar bone
What is shown in this image?
periodontal dz:
-tooth loss
What is shown in this image?
periapical abscess
-resorption of alveolar bone
-resorption of tooth root
What is shown in these images?
pulpitis:
-widening of pulp cavity
What are the characteristics of hemivertebrae?
-due to failure of vertebral body to develop fully
-seen in bulldogs, boston terriers, and pugs most commonly
-thoracic area most common
-may be associated with kyphosis/hump back
-crowding of ribs
-often incidental finding
What are the radiographic findings of hemivertebrae?
-wedge-shaped vertebrae on lateral view
-wedge-shaped vertebrae on VD view
-butterfly vertebrae on VD view
-compensatory changes in shape of adjacent vertebrae
-disc spaces misshapen but preserved
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