Blood I

Question 1

functions of blood

Answer 1

• transport system
• protection
• regulation

Question 2

transport system function

Answer 2

• O2 from lungs to all cells of the body
• CO2 from cells to lungs
• nutrients from digestive tract to cells
• waste products from cells to kidneys and sweat glands
• enzymes and hormones to various cells

Question 3

protection function

Answer 3

• WBC help combat infection(phagocytosis of microorganisms and production of antibodies)
• prevention of body fluid loss by cloning mechanism

Question 4

regulation function

Answer 4

• body temperature (water it contains provides meand for dissipation of heat)
• volume of body water
• pH (by way of its buffer system)

Question 5

composition of blood

Answer 5

• plasma

- cellular elements

Question 6

plasma components

Answer 6

• liquid portion of blood
• major plasma proteins(big proteins)
• ions
• compounds such as as glucose, urea, etc

Question 7

major plasma proteins components

Answer 7

• albumin
• fibrinogen
• globulins

Question 8

fibrinogen

Answer 8

• necessary for blood clotting

- eventually becomes the blood clot

Question 9

albumin

Answer 9

• many functions, including transport and BP regulation

- very large, affects osmotic pressure

Question 10

globulin

Answer 10

-transport of lipids and antibody formation

Question 11

cellular elements that make up plasma components

Answer 11

• erythrocytes (RBC)
• leukocytes (WBC)
• thrombocytes (platelets), tiny

Question 12

erythrocytes description

Answer 12

• bicon cone shape
• no nucleus (no mitosis)
• stains reddish pink)

Question 13

erythrocytes function

Answer 13

-hemoglobin for O2 transport

Question 14

WBC: neutrophil (granulocyte) description

Answer 14

• segments nucleus
• polymorphonucleated (PMN)
• granules(contains enzymes)

Question 15

WBC: neutrophil (granulocyte) function

Answer 15

• phagocytosis of bacteria, debris, etc, increased bacterial infections
• enzymes are released and destroy bacteria

Question 16

WBC: eosinophil description

Answer 16

• bi-lobed nucleus

- large pink granules

Question 17

WBC: eosinophil function

Answer 17

-fights parasitic infections and allergies

Question 18

WBC: basophil description

Answer 18

• lobed nucleus

- dark granules

Question 19

WBC: basophil function

Answer 19

• contains histamine
• affects vascular permeability
• increase in number in some leukemias

Question 20

WBC: lymphocyte description

Answer 20

• non-granulocytes
• blue cytoplasm
• found in nucleus
• T-cells: cell mediated defense
• B-cells: antibody production

Question 21

WBC: lymphocyte function

Answer 21

• immune defense
• fights viral infections
• inc. in viral infections

Question 22

WBC: monocyte description

Answer 22

• largest, variably shaped nucleus

- blue cytoplasm

Question 23

WBC: monocyte function

Answer 23

• phagocytosis

- moves into the tissues and becomes a macrophage

Question 24

thrombocytes (platelets) description

Answer 24

• small, granular fragments

- portion of cytoplasm of a megakaryocyte which resides in bone marrow

Question 25

thrombocytes (platelets) function

Answer 25

-blood clotting

Question 26

hemopoiesis

Answer 26

-bone cell formation

Question 27

hemopoiesis location

Answer 27

- embryonic/fetal development: various organs (yolk sac, liver, spleen, lymph nodes thymus) - adult: formed in red bone marrow of sternum, ribs, vertebrae, pelvis, lymphoid tissue

Question 28

bone marrow location

Answer 28

-located in spaces or cavities within long and flat bones

Question 29

bone marrow components

Answer 29

- red marrow | - yellow marrow

Question 30

red marrow

Answer 30

-hemopoietic (blood forming)

Question 31

yellow marrow

Answer 31

-contains large number of fat cells

Question 32

at birth and adult age, what colors are our bone marrow?

Answer 32

- birth: all is red marrow | - adult- one half is red marrow

Question 33

pluripotential stem cells

Answer 33

-offspring develop special characeristics once matured blood cells and leave bone marrow to enter peripheral blood

Question 34

erythropoietin function**

Answer 34

- produced in kidney | - influences rate of production of cells