Anatomy > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

secretion of hormone function

A

-chemical messengers/regulators which affect the activity of other cells

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2
Q

what results from endocrine glands being ductless?

A

-they secrete their products directly into the bloodstream

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3
Q

are endocrine glands vascular or avascular?

A
  • vascular

- has very rich blood supply

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4
Q

characteristics of the effects on target tissues

A
  • slow but long-lasting

- opposite of CNS & PNS

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5
Q

how is hormone secretion controlled?

A
  • negative feedback mechanism

- neural control

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6
Q

what part of the brain controls the release of hormones?

A
  • hypothalamus

- secretes substances called releasing factors

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7
Q

pituitary gland location

A
  • inferior surface of brain
  • attached to hypothalamus
  • surrounded by circle of willis
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8
Q

pituitary gland structure components

A
  • adenohypophysis

- neurohypophysis

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9
Q

pituitary gland adenohypophysis location

A
  • anterior lobe

- glandular portion

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10
Q

pituitary gland adenohypophysis function

A
  • produces and secretes six major hormones

- portal supply to anterior gland receives releasing factors

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11
Q

pituitary gland neurohypophysis location

A
  • posterior lobe

- nervous portion

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12
Q

pituitary gland neurohypophysis nervous portion function

A
  • stores and releases 2 hormones produced by hypothalamus

- dilated terminal axons that store hormone until neurons fire, releasing hormone into circulation

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13
Q

pituitary gland function

A
  • “master gland” of the body

- regulates many of body’s activities by releasing specific hormones to impact other endocrine glands

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14
Q

pituitary gland is divided into what?

A
  • anterior pituitary

- posterior pituitary

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15
Q

anterior pituitary gland hormones it secretes

A
  • growth hormone
  • thyroid stimulating hormone
  • adrenocorticotropic hormone
  • follicle stimulating hormone
  • luteinizing hormone
  • prolactin
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16
Q

posterior pituitary gland hormones it secretes

A
  • oxytocin

- antidiuretic hormone

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17
Q

anterior pituitary: growth hormone

A
  • GH
  • increases protein synthesis and mitosis
  • regulates growth of most cell sof the body
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18
Q

anterior pituitary: thyroid-stimulating hormone

A
  • TSH

- regulates the hormonal activity of the thyroid gland

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19
Q

anterior pituitary: adrenocorticotropic hormone**

A
  • ACTH

- controls the secretions of the hormones of the adrenal cortex

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20
Q

anterior pituitary: follicle stimulating hormone

A
  • FSH
  • stimulates follicle(ova) development in the ovary and sperm in testes
  • stimulates sex hormone secretion
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21
Q

anterior pituitary: luteinizing hormone

A
  • LH
  • plays a role in ovulation
  • stimulates secretion of sex hormones (estrogen and testosterone)
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22
Q

anterior pituitary: prolactin

A

-plays a role in secretion and production of milk from mammary glands(lactation)

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23
Q

posterior pituitary: oxytocin

A
  • stimulates uterine and smooth muscle contractions

- promotes milk ejection from breast

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24
Q

posterior pituitary: antidiuretic hormone

A
  • ADH
  • affects permeability of kidney tubules to reduce the excretion of water
  • secretes vasopressin
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25
what does vasopressin control?
- controls BP | - constricts blood vessels
26
thyroid gland location
- anterior neck inferior to larynx | - surrounds anterior and lateral aspect of the trachea
27
thyroid gland gross structure
-two lobes connected by an isthmus
28
thyroid gland microscopic structure
- cuboidal cells: hormone production | - follicles: stores hormones
29
thyroid gland hormones it secretes
- thyroxine (T4) - triiodothyronine (T3) - calcitonin
30
thyroid gland: thyroxine and triiodothyronine site of action
-most cells of the body
31
thyroid gland: thyroxine and triiodothyronine effect
-regulates basal metabolic rate (BMR)
32
thyroid gland: calcitonin site of action
-bone
33
thyroid gland: calcitonin effect
- regulates osteoclast activity and therefore the amount of calcium which leaves bone - lowers blood calcium levels
34
parathyroid gland location
-embedded on posterior side of thyroid gland
35
parathyroid gland structure
- 4 oval bodies | - ->two on superior poles, two on inferior poles
36
parathyroid gland hormone it secretes
-parathyroid hormone (PTH)
37
parathyroid gland: parathyroid hormone site of action
- increased osteoclastic activity in bone - increased kidney reabsorption of Ca++ - increased dietary calcium ingested from intestine
38
parathyroid gland: parathyroid hormone effect
-increased blood calcium levels
39
adrenal glands location
- paired glands | - located on superior pole of the kidneys
40
adrenal glands structure
- adrenal medulla | - cortex
41
adrenal glands: adrenal medulla structure
- inner portion - activated by stress - prepares body for sympathetic ANS
42
adrenal glands: adrenal medulla hormone it secretes
-epinephrine (catecholamines)
43
adrenal glands adrenal medulla: epinephrine site of action
-many organs and tissues
44
adrenal glands adrenal medulla: epinephrine effect
-reinforces and prolongs sympathetic ANS response (inc. heart rate and respiration)
45
adrenal glands: cortex structure
- outer portion - produces cortico-hormones - responds to ACTH stimulation
46
adrenal glands: cortex hormones it secretes
- aldosterone - cortisol/hydrocortisone (glucocorticoid) - androgens (estrogen/progesterone)
47
adrenal glands cortex: aldosterone site of action
-kidney tubules
48
adrenal glands cortex: aldosterone effect
-regulates Na and K levels
49
adrenal glands cortex: cortisol/hydrocortisone site of action
-various tissues
50
adrenal glands cortex: cortisol/hydrocortisone effect
- regulates metabolism(glucose) | - prevent/reduces inflammation
51
adrenal glands cortex: androgens site of action
-various tissues
52
adrenal glands cortex: androgens effect
- supplement gonadal hormones | - promotes development of secondary sex characteristics
53
pancreas loaction
- upper abdomen | - posterior and inferior to stomach
54
pancreas structure
- endocrine portion (has islet of langerhans) | - exocrine portion
55
pancreas endocrine portion hormones secreted
- insulin (beta cells) | - glucagon (alpha cells)
56
pancreas endocrine portion: insulin site of action
-all body cells
57
pancreas endocrine portion: insulin effect
-regulates transport of glucose into cells
58
pancreas endocrine portion: glucagon site of action
-liver
59
pancreas endocrine portion: glucagon effect
-promotes conversion of glycogen into glucose
60
pancreas exocrine portion function
- consists of cells and ducts | - produces digestive enzymes into duodenum of small intestine
61
pineal gland location
-suspended from roof of 3rd ventricle
62
pineal gland hormones secreted
-melatonin
63
pineal gland melatonin site of action
- receives and responds to input from the visual pathway - highest level at night - affects sleep/wake cycle(circadian rhythms)
64
pineal gland melatonin effect
- inhibits hypothalamus stimulation of hormones which stimulate glands - delays sexual maturation
65
gonads components
- ovaries | - testes
66
gonads ovaries structure
-follicle and corpus luteum
67
gonads ovaries hormones secreted
-estrogen/progesterone
68
gonads ovaries: estrogen site of action
-female reproductive organs (uterus)
69
gonads ovaries: estrogen effect
- development of gametes (egg) and regulation of female reproductive organs - secondary sex characteristics
70
gonads testes structure
-interstitial cells of leydig
71
gonads testes hormones secreted
-testosterone
72
gonads testes: testosterone site of action
-male reproductive organs
73
gonads testes: testosterone effecr
- development of gametes(sperm) and regulation of male reproductive organs - secondary sex characteristics
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