Anatomy > Digestive System II > Flashcards

Digestive System II Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

peritoneum

A
  • serous membrane that lines abdominopelvic cavity

- support and covers most of the organs in this cavity

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2
Q

peritoneal cavity

A
  • space btwn the parietal and visceral layers of peritoneum

- contains small amounts of serous fluid

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3
Q

parietal peritoneum

A

-attached to the abdominal pelvic wall

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4
Q

visceral peritoneum

A

-attached to the organs of the digestive tract

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5
Q

greater omentum

A

-suspended from the inferior curvature of the stomach

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6
Q

lesser omentum

A

-attaches the lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver

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7
Q

mesentery

A

-attaches the small intestine to posterior abdominal wall

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8
Q

mesocolon

A

-attaches the large intestine to posterior abdominal wall

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9
Q

falciform ligament*

A

-attaches liver to inferior diaphragm and anterior body wall

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10
Q

which organs are retroperitoneal

A
  • pancreas
  • kidney
  • portion of the duodenum
  • ascending & descending colon
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11
Q

stomach location

A
  • upper left quadrant

- btwn esophagus and small intestine

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12
Q

stomach structure

A

divided into:

  • cardia
  • fundus
  • body
  • pylorus
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13
Q

layers in stomach wall

A
  • muscularis externa
  • rugae
  • gastric glands
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14
Q

stomach: muscularis externa composition

A

-simple columnar epithelium

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15
Q

stomach: submucosa

A

-nerves and blood vessels

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16
Q

stomach: muscularis

A

-3 layers of smooth muscle

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17
Q

stomach: serosa

A

-CT

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18
Q

stomach: rugae structure

A

-folds of mucosal layers

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19
Q

stomach: rugae function

A
  • permits stomach to distend
  • increase SA for secretion and digestion
  • disappear as stomach expands
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20
Q

stomach gastric glands: chief cells

A

-produces inactive pepsinogen –> pepsin for protein digestion

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21
Q

stomach gastric glands: parietal cells

A
  • produces HCL which dec. the pH of stomach contents

- produces intrinsic factors required for B12 absorption

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22
Q

stomach gastric glands: mucous cells

A
  • aka goblet cells

- secrete protective mucous

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23
Q

stomach gastric glands: enteroendocrine cells

A
  • secrete hormones which influence digestive organs

- i.e. G cells secrete gastrin (inc. GI activity)

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24
Q

stomach gastric glands: sphincters

A

-regulate flow of food

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25
stomach gastric glands: cardiac sphincter
-junction of stomach and esophagus
26
stomach gastric glands: pyloric sphincter
- made of smooth muscle - junction of stomach and duodenum - regulated by parasympathetic
27
stomach function
- mechanical mixing of food & production of "chyme" - initiates major protein digestion - storage of chyme until it passes into the duodenum - minimal absorption (i.e. drugs, alcohol)
28
chyme
- acidic pasty material | - food leaving the stomach
29
small intestine location
- extends from pyloric sphincter to large intestine | - occupies central & lower portion of abdominal cavity
30
small intestine duodenum
- retroperitoneal | - C-shaped first 10 inches of small intestine
31
small intestine duodenum: duodenal papilla*
-opening through which bile and enzymes enter the duodenum
32
small intestine duodenum: brunner's glands
- secrete alkaline solution | - protects intestinal lining of acidic chyme
33
small intestine: jejunum
- middle section | - slightly larger lumen
34
small intestine: ileum
- third region of small intestine | - contains peyer's patches
35
define peyer's patches*
-clusters of lymphatic tissue
36
small intestine function*
- major site of chemical digestion - mechanical mixing - major site for absorption of nutrients - propels undigested nutrients or materials to large intestine
37
small intestine: plicae circulares
- deep folds of mucosa - inc. SA for digestion & absorption - doesn't disappear as intestine expands
38
small intestine: villi
- small finger-like projections - inc. SA - capillary network - lacteal
39
small intestine: lacteals
-transports fats to lymphatics
40
small intestine: microvilli
-microscopic processes on columnar cells
41
small intestine: intestinal cells
- secrete enzymes - found in crypts of lieberkuhn - promote absorption
42
large intestine location
begins at end of ileum in LRQ-->superiorly to liver-->left to spleen-->descends on left to pelvis-->end at anus
43
large intestine: cecum
- dilated pouch at junction of small intestine& lagre intestine - LRQ - ileocecal valve: guards opening
44
large intestine: ascending colon
-right side
45
large intestine: transverse colon
-passes from right to left
46
large intestine: descending colon
-left side
47
large intestine: sigmoid colon
- S-shaped | - from left side to center of body
48
large intestine: rectum
- in midline | - leads to anal canal
49
large intestine: anal canal
-passageway leading to the anus
50
large intestine: sphincters
-guard openings
51
large intestine: internal anal sphincter
-smooth muscle
52
large intestine: external anal sphincter
-skeletal muscle
53
large intestine: taeniae coli
-long strip of smooth muscle
54
large intestine: haustra
-sac-like regions
55
large intestine: epiploic appendages
-fat-filled pouches
56
large intestine: hepatic flexure
-right celic flexure
57
large intestine: splenic flexure
-left colic flexure
58
large intestine function
- absorption of water - formation, storage and expulsion of feces - contains "normal flora" (bacteria) - manufacture vitamins:: fat soluble A, D, E, K
59
appendix location
- LRQ | - retro-cecal
60
appendix structure
- finger-like projections - blind pouch - contains lymphatic tissue
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