Urinary System I

Question 1

kidneys location

Answer 1

• retroperitoneal

- either side of vertebral column along posterior abdominal wall

Question 2

kidney function

Answer 2

• clears blood of waste products, toxins, etc
• regulates concentration of substances in body (water, salt)
• produces erythropoietin
• produces renin (influences BP)

Question 3

kidney: erythropoietin function

Answer 3

-affects RBC production

Question 4

kidney hilum**

Answer 4

• indentation on medial side
• renal vessels enter and leave
• ureter leaves kidney

Question 5

kidney coverings: renal capsule

Answer 5

• outermost

- CT

Question 6

kidney coverings: perirenal fat

Answer 6

-adipose (fat)

Question 7

kidney coverings: renal fascia

Answer 7

-CT which anchors kidney in place

Question 8

kidney: renal cortex

Answer 8

• outermost region

- location of most of the glomeruli

Question 9

kidney: renal medulla

Answer 9

• innermost region

- contains primarily tubules and blood vessels

Question 10

kidney: major and minor calyces

Answer 10

-funnel-shaped chambers which receive urine produced by the nephron

Question 11

kidney: renal pelvis**

Answer 11

• located at hilum, not pelvis*

- dilated, uppermost portion of the ureter

Question 12

is the kidney vascular or avascular?

Answer 12

-vascular

Question 13

blood supply pathway

Answer 13

renal artery–>afferent arterioles–> glomerulus–>efferent arterioles–>peritubular capillaries–>venules–>renal vein

Question 14

nephron function

Answer 14

-formation of urine

Question 15

nephron location

Answer 15

-medulla

Question 16

nephron composition

Answer 16

• specialized renal tubule

- consists of a glomerulus & peritubular capillary

Question 17

kidney: glomerulus location

Answer 17

• vascularized portion
• specialized network of capillaries
• located in renal cortex btwn afferent & efferent arterioles

Question 18

kidney: glomerulus structure

Answer 18

• fenestrated epithelium

- spaces btwn cells for capillaries

Question 19

kidney: peritubular capillaries composition

Answer 19

• vascularized portion
• branches of efferent arteriole
• empty into kidney’s venous system

Question 20

kidney: peritubular capillaries function

Answer 20

-site of reabsorption of water and other substances

Question 21

kidney: bowman’s capsule composition

Answer 21

• double-walled, cup-shaped portion of kidney tubule
• surrounds glomerulus
• lined w/ epithelium

Question 22

kidney: bowman’s capsule structure: podocytes

Answer 22

• specialized cells w/ extensions called foot processes

- surround glomerular capillaries

Question 23

kidney: bowman’s capsule structure: filtration slits

Answer 23

-small spaces or pores btwn foot processes

Question 24

kidney: bowman’s capsule structure: filtration barrier components

Answer 24

• fenestrated epithelium
• basement membrane of glomerular capillary
• thin membrane covering filtration silt

Question 25

urine pathway

Answer 25

glomerular capsule—>proximal convoluted tubule—>loop of henle—>distal convoluted tubule—>collecting duct—>minor calyces—>major calyces—>renal pelvis of ureter—>ureter—>bladder—>urethra