Respiratory System I

Question 1

nose external anatomy

Answer 1

• part that’s visible

- supported by a framework formed posteriorly by paired nasal bones and anteriorly by plates of cartilage

Question 2

nasal cavity boundaries

Answer 2

• anterior
• posterior
• inferior(floor)
• lateral
• septum

Question 3

anterior nasal cavity components

Answer 3

• name: nostrils

- external: openings

Question 4

posterior nasal cavity components

Answer 4

• nasopharynx
• upper portion of pharynx(throat)
• connected to middle ear y auditory tube

Question 5

inferior nasal cavity components

Answer 5

• hard palate
• composed of maxilla and boxes
• continuous w/ soft palate

Question 6

lateral nasal cavity components

Answer 6

• skin
• lining: mucous membrane contains conchae
• sheet-like projections of underlying lame(turbinate)

Question 7

conchae description

Answer 7

• under each are openings for mucous, tears, etc

- paranasal sinuses and nasolacrimal ducts drown through these ducts

Question 8

septum nasal cavity components**

Answer 8

• medial wall of nostrils

- composed anteriorly of cartilage and posterior by bone(vomer, ethmoid)

Question 9

what lines the nasal cavity?

Answer 9

• mucosa
• goblet cells
• blood vessels
• olfactory epithelium

Question 10

lining of nasal cavity: mucosa composition

Answer 10

-pseudocilitated columnar epithelium

Question 11

lining of nasal cavity: goblet cells composition

Answer 11

• found in mucous membrane of epithelium

- makes mucous

Question 12

lining of nasal cavity: blood vessels composition

Answer 12

-very well vascularized

Question 13

lining of nasal cavity: olfactory epithelium

Answer 13

-in roof, contains specialized nerve cell fibers

Question 14

nasal cavity function**

Answer 14

• warms air (due to a lot of blood vessels nearby)
• moistens/humidifies and clears air
• plays a role in sound resonance
• sense of smell

Question 15

paranasal sinuses

Answer 15

• paired air spaces located within bones in facial region

- their contents(mucous) drains into nasal cavity

Question 16

paranasal sinuses location

Answer 16

• frontal
• ethmoid
• sphenoid
• maxillary

Question 17

paranasal sinuses function

Answer 17

• lessen weight of bone

- plays role in sound resonance

Question 18

pharynx structure and location

Answer 18

• funnel shaped passageway approx. 5 inches
• connects the nasal and oral cavities to the larynx and esophagus
• stratified squamous epithelium (can consciously swallow due to constant friction)

Question 19

pharynx divisions

Answer 19

• nasopharynx
• oropharynx
• laryngopharynx

Question 20

nasopharynx

Answer 20

• uppermost; posterior to nasal cavity
• contains openings for auditory(eustachian) tube which connects the pharynx to middle ear
• contains pharyngeal tonsils(adenoids)

Question 21

oropharynx

Answer 21

• middle portion

- posterior to oral cavity: contains lingual and palatine tonsils

Question 22

laryngopharynx

Answer 22

• lowermost portion (hyoid bone to larynx)

- region where food is directed posteriorly to esophagus and larynx

Question 23

larynx location

Answer 23

• aka voice box
• connects the laryngopharynx w trachea
• located at C4-C6

Question 24

larynx structure

Answer 24

• triangular shaped box

- composed of hyaline of cartilage

Question 25

larynx structural components

Answer 25

- thyroid cartilage("adam's apple" - cricoid cartilage - epiglottis - additional plates of cartilage

Question 26

thyroid cartilage**

Answer 26

- aka "adam's apple" | - prominent anterior plate

Question 27

cricoid cartilage**

Answer 27

- signet ring shaped cartilage | - located inferior to thyroid cartilage

Question 28

epiglottis**

Answer 28

- leaf shaped attached posteriorly to thyroid cartilage | - free upper end acts like a flap to detect food posteriorly

Question 29

additional plate of cartilage**

Answer 29

- artyenoid - cuneiform - corniculate

Question 30

what does the opening in the larynx allow for?

Answer 30

-the passage of air when breathing

Question 31

cricothyroid ligament (membrane) location**

Answer 31

- btwn the thyroid and cricoid cartilage | - this can be pierced in an emergency to allow air to enter trachea

Question 32

vocal cords location

Answer 32

-within the larynx

Question 33

vocal cords structure** and function

Answer 33

- bands of CT(like strings of a guitar) - attached to arytenoid cartilage of larynx - vibrate as air passes over them to produce sound

Question 34

what changes the length, position, ad tension of the vocal cords?

Answer 34

-changed by the action of the intrinsic muscles of larynx

Question 35

trachea location**

Answer 35

- anterior to esophagus | - connects larynx to bronchi

Question 36

trachea structure

Answer 36

- composed of 16-20 C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage - fibrous CT composes posterior wall - rigid but flexible (allows for expansion of esophagus) - lined w pseudo. cil. col. epithelium

Question 37

bronchial tree function

Answer 37

-serve to carry the air to the functional unit of the lung (alveoli)

Question 38

primary bronchi

Answer 38

- begins at sternal angle & bifurcates into right & left primary bronchi - composed of rings of cartilage - lined w pseudo. cil. col/ epi. - contains smooth muscle in the walls

Question 39

secondary bronchi

Answer 39

- one for each lobe of the lung (left:2, right:3) | - inc. in amount of smooth muscle in wall

Question 40

tertiary bronchi**

Answer 40

one for each bronchopulmonary seg.: - cartilage gradually dec. - smooth muscle inc. - cuboidal epithelium

Question 41

terminal bronchioles**

Answer 41

- only smooth muscle & epithelium (no cartilage* meaning it can constrict fully) - opens into alveolar ducts

Question 42

alveoli

Answer 42

-simple squamous lined, rounded("grape-like") regions where air exchange occurs